Asian History

• Zhu Yuanzhang's rise to power involved defeating his rivals and consolidating control over China.
• Focus on industries like electronics, automobiles, and steel contributed to economic expansion.
• The First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-1826) was fought between the British East India Company and the Burmese Empire over disputes in territory and trade interests in Southeast Asia.
• The First Anglo-Burmese War reshaped the geopolitical landscape in Southeast Asia, establishing British influence and impacting the trajectory of Burma's history.
• The period of the Warlords (Early 20th Century) in China, post-Qing Dynasty (1912), witnessed a Warlord Era with regional military leaders seizing control, causing political instability and economic variations.
• The Northern Expedition (1926–1928) by Kuomintang aimed at reunification, challenging warlord dominance.
• The Russian Revolution (Bolshevik Revolution) (1917) marked a pivotal moment in world history, resulting in the overthrow of the Romanov monarchy and the establishment of the first communist state.
• The Wuchang Uprising, a rapid nationwide spread, led to the Qing Emperor's abdication.
• The Birth of the Republic (1912) marked the end of imperial rule and the implementation of Sun's Three Principles.
• The Vietnam War was a conflict between North and South Vietnam (1955-1975) involving the United States and the Soviet Union, resulting in the reunification of Vietnam under communist control.
• Swaraj is Mahatma Gandhi's concept of self-rule and independence, emphasizing self-sufficiency and community empowerment, integral to India's struggle for independence.
• The Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901) was an anti-foreign, anti-Christian uprising in Qing China, driven by resentment towards foreign influence and economic hardships.
• The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a Chinese infrastructure and economic development strategy aimed at enhancing global connectivity and trade.
• The Indian National Congress is a political party in India that played a key role in the Indian independence movement and is currently one of the major political parties in India.
• The Japanese Economic Miracle refers to Japan's rapid and remarkable recovery and growth following World War II, transforming it into an economic powerhouse.
• The Cambodian Genocide (1975-1979) resulted in the deaths of an estimated 1.7 million people.
• The Meiji Restoration was the transformation of Japan from feudalism to modern nationhood (1868) that embraced Western industrialization and modernization and marked the end of samurai rule.
• The Transition to a republic marked the end of dynastic rule and shaped 20th-century politics.
• The Treaty of Nanjing was signed in 1842 between China and Britain, ending the First Opium War, ceding Hong Kong to Britain and opening several Chinese ports to trade.
• The Korean War was a conflict between North and South Korea (1950-1953) that involved the United States and China and ended in an armistice, dividing Korea along the 38th parallel.
• The APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) is a regional economic forum established in 1989 that promotes free trade and economic cooperation.
• Under General MacArthur's occupation, Japan underwent significant reforms, including land reforms and democratization.
• The Taipei Revolution (1911) resulted in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty, establishing the Republic of China.
• The Chinese Communist Party is the ruling party of the People's Republic of China, founded in 1921, led by figures like Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping.
• The Long March was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, led by Mao Zedong, during the Chinese Civil War.
• The Partition of India was a religious division during the creation of India and Pakistan (1947) that led to communal violence and mass migrations.
• The Guomindang (Kuomintang) is a Chinese Nationalist Party led by Chiang Kai-shek, which played a major role in Chinese politics, especially before the Chinese Civil War.
• The Nanjing Massacre (1937-1938) occurred during the Second Sino-Japanese War, when the Japanese Imperial Army captured Nanjing (then Nanking), China, killing at least 200,000 Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers.
• The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) was fought over competition over spheres of influence in East Asia, resulting in Japan gaining control of Manchuria and Korea.
• The First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) was fought between Japan and China over influence in Korea and territorial and economic interests in Manchuria.
• The Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895) ended the First Sino-Japanese War, recognizing Korea as independent but under Japanese influence and forcing China to relinquish Taiwan to Japan.
• The impact of the First Sino-Japanese War included a shift in regional power dynamics, weakening the Qing Dynasty's prestige, demonstrating Japan's modernization success, and contributing to imperialist tensions in Asia.
• The Anglo-Japanese Treaty (1894) ended the unequal status of Japan in previous treaties, bringing Japan on equal terms with Western imperial powers.
• The Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) opened Japanese ports to U.S ships, facilitating American whaling and trade, ending Japan's isolationist policy, and marking Japan's entry into global trade and the end of its Sakoku (closed-country) era.
• Unequal Treaties were imposed agreements with terms favouring stronger nations, often leading to loss of sovereignty.
• The Rohingya Crisis is a humanitarian crisis in Myanmar involving Rohingya Muslims, persecution and displacement by the Myanmar military, and is internationally condemned for human rights abuses.
• The Opium Wars were two wars between China and Western powers (1839–1842, 1856–1860) fought over trade imbalances and opium imports, resulting in China's defeat and concessions to Western powers.
• The Green Revolution in Asia was an agricultural technology initiative to increase food production in the mid-20th century, introducing high-yielding crops and modern farming techniques, aiming to address food shortages and improve livelihoods.
• The Asian Tiger Economies refer to the rapid economic growth of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan, achieved through industrialization and export-oriented development, exemplifying the success of the East Asian economic model.
• The Tibetan Uprising (1959) was a failed uprising against Chinese rule in Tibet, leading to the Dalai Lama's escape to India, and marked a significant event in Tibetan-Chinese relations.