L2 Sociology

• SOCIOLOGY

  ·       Study of human behavior in social settings

   
• SYMBOLIC INTERACTION PERSPECTIVE

  ·       Language -> share symbol. A social theoretical framework that sees society as a product of shared symbols
• GEORGE HERBERT MEAD

  ·       Who came up with Symbolic Interactions Perspective
• GEORGE HERBERT MEAD

  Who came up with Theory of self?
• THEORY OF SELF: Two Parts of Self

  ·       Self-awareness & Self-Image
• Two Parts of Self: SELF-IMAGE

  ·       Develops through interacting with others-> reflecting on the interaction -> thinking about how others perceive us -> helps generate an img of yourself -> SELF IMAGE
• Two Parts of Self: SELF-AWARE

  ·       Taking the role of other we become self-aware
• SELF

  ·       Emerges through social interaction. Developed as we age
• I & Me of the Self
• I & ME OF THE SELF: I

  ·       What is out there
• I & ME OF THE SELF: ME

  ·       An object. Combined image of yourself from interacting with society
• HENRI de SAINT-SIMON

  ·       Founder of French Socialism
• HENRI de SAINT-SIMON

  Who came up with "Reconstruction of Society" ?
• RECONSTRUCTION OF SOCIETY

  “Men who are successfully able to organize society for productive labor are ENTITLED to govern it. “ Industrial Chiefs should control the society and men of science are responsible for the spiritual direction of society.
• ALEX BANDURA (1925)

  • Social Learning Theory
  • Self-efficacy
• ALEX BANDURA (1925)

  • Self-efficacy
  • Social Learning Theory
• Alex Bandura: SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

  ·       Explains socialization & its effects on the development of the self. Formation of one’s identity is a learned response to social stimuli
• Alex Bandura: SELF-EFFICACY

  ·       People’s belief about their capabilities
• Self-efficacy

  • High Self-Efficacy
  • Low Self-Efficacy

  ·      
• Self-efficacy: High Self-Efficacy

  ·       Approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered. Committed despite failures
• Self-efficacy: Low Self-Efficacy

  ·       Attribute failure to personal deficiencies
• 4 Main Sources of Efficacy

  • Mastery Experience
  • Vicarious Experience
  • Social Persuasion
  • Psychological Responses
• Sources of Self-Efficacy: MASTERY EXPERIENCE

  ·       Success builds a robust belief in one’s self-efficacy
• Sources of Self-Efficacy: VICARIOUS EXPERIENCE

  ·       Use of role models to motivate oneself. People seek proficient models who possess the competencies to which they aspire
• Sources of Self-Efficacy: SOCIAL PERSUASION

  ·       Needs to be persuaded verbally, used by coaches to athletes.
• Sources of Self-Efficacy: PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES

  ·       Rely on somatic & emotional states in judging their capabilities. Stress reactions & tensions are signs of vulnerability to poor performance.
• KARL MARX

  ·       Wrote the Communist Manifesto
• Karl Marx:

  Who came up with the THEORY OF SELF-ESTRANGEMENT/SELF-ALIENATION
• THEORY OF SELF-ESTRANGEMENT / SELF-ALIENATION

  • Once you lose yourself, that’s when you start to find yourself·
  • “The alienation of man’s essence, man’s loss of objectivity and his loss of realness as self-discovery, manifestation of his nature, objectification and realization”
• MAX WEBER

  • German Sociologist & Political Economist
  • "Iron Cage"
  • Self-help Imagination
• Iron Cage

  ·       As the religion peripheral, capitalism decoupled from its roots & established as the dominant force in society
• EXERCISE SELF-HELP IMAGINATION

  “Personality” makes little sense in its modern usage·      

  You gain personality within a field only by stepping out of your own self·      

  Teach the subject, not your interpretation of the subject·      

  Makes students interested on the subject, rather than the person teaching it
• Who Came up with: LEWIS MORGAN

  The League of the Ho-de-no-sau-nee or Iroquois.

  Monogenesis

  Theory of Social Evolution
• The League of the Ho-de-no-sau-nee or Iroquois

  This presented the complexity of Iroquois society in a path-breaking ethnography that was a model for future
• Monogenesis

  ·       A theory he wants to prove that all human beings descended from a common source
• THEORY OF SOCIAL EVOLUTION

  ·       Kinship relations as a basic part of society Critical link between social progress and technological progress. Interplay between the evolution of technology, of family relations, of property relations, of the larger social structure, and systems of governance, and intellectual development
• DAVID EMILE DURKHEIM

  French Sociologist

  Principal architect of Modern Social Sciences

  Acceptance of Sociology as Legit Science
• Emile Durkheim: SOCIOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE

  ·       How concepts & categories of logical thought arise out of social life
• Language

  ·       Social product. Structures & shapes our experiences of reality. Product of culture & can’t be done alone
• Collective Representations

  ·       Symbols & images representing ideas, beliefs, & values elaborated by a collectivity & not reducible to individual constituents. Created through social interactions & are products of collective activity.