Chromosome mutations

• What is a polyploidy chromosome mutation?

  Where an individual has three or more sets of chromosomes instead of two
• What is chromosome non-disjunction?

  When chromosomes fail to separate properly in meiosis, resulting in gametes with one more or one less chromosome than normal.
• What is a chromosome mutation?

  A change in the structure or number of whole chromosomes
• How does meiosis increase the number of chromosome combinations?

  When homologous chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell during meiosis I, either one of the pair can pass into each daughter cell and so there are a large number of combinations of chromosomes for each daughter cell.
• What is the formula used to determine the number of possible combinations of chromosomes for each daughter cell?

  2$^n$ where n= the number of pairs of homologous chromosomes
• How else is variety increased in meiosis?

  Through the random pairing of male and female gametes.
• What is the formula used to calculate the number of different combinations of chromosomes produced by sexual reproduction?

  (2$^n$)$^2$ where n= the number of pairs of homologous chromosomes
• When do chromosome mutations occur?

  During meiosis
• Which type of mutation causes a frameshift?

  A deletion mutation
• What is aneuploidy?

  A change in the number of individual chromosomes