Artist and His Medium

• what is the most common surface used in two-dimensional art?

  paper
• paper, as an organic material, is commonly made of _____, _____, and _____

  wood

  grass

  linen rag
• what are the three types of paper?

  hot-press paper, cold-press paper, and rough paper
• a semi-rough or moderate texture paper suitable for washes and details


  cold-press paper
• a smooth paper used for fine detail works


  hot-press paper
• a type of paper usually criticized for being slippery and hard to control


  hot-press paper
• the most textured type of paper

  rough paper
• what is the fundamental skill needed in visual art?

  drawing
• made of graphite which varies in hardness and thickness to create a range of values


  pencil
• what are the four pencil techniques?


  stippling

  hatching

  crosshatching

  circulism
• this pencil technique makes use of dots in some areas of the drawing to create depth


  stippling
• a pencil technique wherein thin parallel lines are drawn in one direction


  hatching
• this pencil technique is somehow similar to hatching in a way that thin parallel lines run in one direction, but another series of thin parallel lines are added as a layer

  crosshatching
• a pencil technique that creates a pattern using circular motion


  circulism
• _____ is characterized by controlled and uniform lines


  ink
• what type of lines does ink produce?


  controlled

  uniform
• an art form described as 'beautiful handwriting'


  calligraphy
• composed of dry pigment held together by a gum binder and compressed into sticks


  pastel
• a pastel consists of dry pigment held together by what material?


  gum binder
• what are the three types of pastel?


  hard

  soft

  oil
• enumerate the six pastel techniques

  layering

  impasto

  sgraffito

  stippling

  feathering

  scumbling
• a pastel technique wherein color is applied on top of the other

  layering
• what technique uses a a warm stick placed on a paper and heated with a hair dryer to make a Cray-Pas paste, which is then styled using a palette knife 


  impasto
• a pastel technique wherein a light color is layered with a dark color, which is then scraped or carved using a sharp tool to reveal the colors underneath in the desired pattern/design


  sgraffito
• the use of pastel to create small marks of different colors to form a pattern


  stippling
• using the pointed end of the pastel to create parallel strokes that resembles a feather


  feathering
• a type of layering wherein the side of the pastel is highly drawn on top of an existing color while the underlying hue is still visible

  scumbling
• the technique of quickly applying the pastel by pressing it hard on the paper to create an opaque effect


  impasto
• an organic medium that comes from burnt wood


  charcoal
• what are the two kinds of charcoal?


  vine

  compressed/manufactured
• made of loose charcoal mixed with a binder and pressed into sticks


  compressed/manufactured
• comes in thin sticks that is easy to blend and erase


  vine
• better maintain its shape and can be sharpened for higher detail drawing, which makes it especially useful for drawing finer lines, textures, and details


  compressed charcoal
• this kind of charcoal contains no binding agent, it erases more completely and works well for sketching out a composition on a canvas prior to painting


  vine charcoal
• very soft and powdery, and it can be less suitable for rendering fine, crisp images


  vine charcoal
• what are the stokes used in charcoal?


  hatching

  crosshatching

  side

  edge/tip
• a stroke wherein the pressure in the hand is changed to create a range of dark to light values


  pressure stroke
• application of black and white value scale merging together to create a smooth transition of values


  blending value scales
• write down the process of using finger as a blending tool

  value scale --> pressure stroke --> finger
• write down the process of using tortillon as a blending tool

  value scale --> blending value --> tortillon