gcse aqa health through times

• The NHS was set up to ensure that everyone had access to healthcare, regardless of their ability to pay.
• By the late 1950s, the NHS had become more established and efficient, with shorter waiting times and better facilities.
• In the early years of the NHS, there were shortages of staff and equipment, leading to long waiting lists and overworked doctors and nurses.
• Today, the NHS is one of the largest employers in Europe, with around 1.5 million people working in various roles within it.
• There were also concerns about the quality of care provided by some hospitals and clinics.
• Medieval doctors believed illness was caused by an imbalance of the four humours.
• Surgery was often carried out without any form of anesthetic or sterilization.
• Bloodletting involved removing blood from patients as a way of treating them.
• During this time, many people turned to religion for comfort and guidance on how to deal with disease.
• In the Middle Ages, there was great demand for surgery because of warfare
• Many people believed that diseases such as bubonic plague were sent by God as punishment for sins
• People during medieval times had little knowledge of germ theory and hygiene
• The Black Death killed around one-third of Europe's population between 1347 and 1350
• People during the medieval period had little knowledge about germ theory and hygiene
• Medieval doctors used leeches to suck blood from their patients
• Doctors would use trepanation (drilling holes into skull) to treat headaches
• Doctors at the time did not have much training and relied heavily on superstition and religious beliefs
• Around 20% of surgeons died due to infection caused by unsterile equipment
• Surgeons would use unsterile instruments like knives and saws to cut into their patient's bodies
• During the Renaissance, medical education became more scientifically based
• Renaissance physicians began to use dissection to understand how the body worked
• During the Renaissance, people began to question traditional ideas and started to look towards science as an alternative source of information.
• Florence Nightingale was known as "the lady with the lamp" because she carried a lantern while making her rounds at night.
• In 1860, Florence Nightingale published 'Notes on Nursing', which emphasised cleanliness as an important factor in preventing disease.
• Renaissance means rebirth. It began with close study of classic texts and was critical of old translations
• during the renaissance there was a greater interest in how the human body worked based on observation and dissection. Artists attended dissections of human corpses and did wonderful illustrations for medical books. Return of classical texts led to a renewed faith in the four humours theory and treatment by opposites.
• The Christian Church grew stronger in the Middle Ages. Monasteries controlled education, priests and monks were the only people who could read. The Church opened medical schools where the ideas of Galen were taught. The only libraries were in monasteries, church sometimes banned books they did not want people to read. Monasteries made an effort to provide clean running water and toilets.