The structure of DNA and Protein synthesis

Created by

Amisha

Cards (20)

What are nucleotides?
polymers made up of lots of repeating units
What does each nucleotide consist of ?
one sugar molecules,one phosophate molecule and one 'base'.
What do the sugar and phosphate molecules in the nucleotides form?
backbone
What do the sugar and phosphate molecules do?
alternate
What are the four bases and what do they do?
A,T,C and G
They join to each sugar
What does each base link to?
A base on the opposite strand in the helix
What does A always pair up with?
T
What does C always pair up with?
G
What is complmentary base pairing?
A pairing with T and C pairing with G
What decides the order of amino acids in a protein?
order of the bases in a gene that decides the order of amino acids in a protein.
What is each amino acid coded for?
by a sequence of three bases in the gene
What are the amino joined together to make?
various proteins depending on the order of the gene's bases
What do the non-coding parts do?
switch genes on and off,so they control whether or not a gene is expressed(used to make a protein)
Where are proteins made?
in the cell cytoplasm on tiny structures called ribosomes
What do ribosomes use to make proteins?
use the code in the DNA
Why can't DNA move out of the nucleus?
Because it is really big therefore the cell needs to get the code from the DNA to the ribosome.
What does the mRNA act as?
Messenger between the DNA and the ribosome-it carries the code between the two.
What are the correct amino acids brought to the ribosomes in the correct order by?
carrier molecules
What are the different functions of different functions?
1)Enzymes-act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body
2)Hormones-used to carry messages around the body.
3)Structural proteins-are physically strong.
Explain what happens to a chain of amino acids once it has been assembled
folds into a unique shape which allows the protein to perfrom the task it's meant to do