P6- Waves

• What is the distance between the same points on two consecutive waves called?

  Wavelength
• What is the distance from the equilibrium line to the maximum displacement?

  Amplitude
• How is frequency defined in wave physics?

  The number of waves passing a point per second
• What does the period of a wave represent?

  The time taken for a whole wave to pass
• What is the formula for wave velocity?

  $v =$$f \times \lambda$
• How is the period related to frequency?

  $T =$$\frac{1}{f}$
• What happens to velocity when frequency increases?

  Velocity increases
• How does wavelength affect velocity?

  Wavelength increases, velocity increases
• What is the relationship between period and frequency?

  Period is inversely proportional to frequency
• What type of waves are light waves?

  Transverse waves
• How do vibrations occur in transverse waves?

  At right angles to the direction of travel
• What type of waves are sound waves?

  Longitudinal waves
• How do vibrations occur in longitudinal waves?

  In the same direction as the direction of travel
• What happens to the medium when a wave travels through it?

  The wave moves, not the medium
• How can you measure the speed of sound in air?

  Use echo time from a wall
• What method can be used to measure ripples on water?

  Use a stroboscope matching wave frequency
• What happens to waves at the boundary between two materials?

  They can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted
• What is the angle of incidence equal to?

  Angle of reflection
• What occurs when light reflects off a rough surface?

  It scatters in all directions
• What happens when waves pass through a transparent material?

  They are transmitted
• What occurs if the frequency of light matches electron energy levels?

  Light is absorbed by the electrons
• What happens to absorbed light energy over time?

  It is reemitted as heat
• How do sound waves travel through solids?

  By causing vibrations in the solid
• What collects sound in the ear?

  The outer ear
• What happens when sound waves hit the eardrum?

  It vibrates due to pressure waves
• How do the small bones in the ear respond to sound?

  They vibrate at the same frequency
• What do the vibrations in the cochlea cause?

  Movement of small hairs sensitive to frequencies
• What happens when a hair in the cochlea moves?

  It releases an electrical impulse to the brain
• What is the human hearing range?

  20 Hz to 20 kHz
• What can damage the hairs in the cochlea?

  Constant loud noise over time
• Why can't humans hear ultrasound?

  We do not use sonar for hunting
• What happens when ultrasound reaches a boundary?

  It is partially reflected back
• How can ultrasound be used for imaging?

  By measuring time between emission and detection
• What are P waves in seismic waves?

  Longitudinal waves that pass through solids and liquids
• What are S waves in seismic waves?

  Transverse waves that only pass through solids
• What does sonar measure?

  Depth by timing reflected ultrasound
• What are the main groups of electromagnetic waves?

  Radio, microwave, infrared, visible, UV, X-ray, gamma
• What is the speed of electromagnetic waves in space?

  Speed of light
• How does wavelength relate to frequency in electromagnetic waves?

  As wavelength decreases, frequency increases

  
• What part of the electromagnetic spectrum can our eyes detect?

  Visible light