hot to cold

• thermal energy always goes from hot to cold
• convection: is the transfer of thermal energy by the circilation or movement of gas and liquid(water boiling in a pan)
• conduction:The transfer of heat within a solid object or to another object that are touching. they have to be solids. (e.g ironing clothes)
• radiation:the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves,(e.g the heating of the earth by the sun)
• solid: firm and stable in shape; closely packed together and is not free to move
• liquid:losely packed together with weak forces of attraction, can move free freely. it doesnt have any definite shape but a definite volume
• gas: no definite shape or volume. far apart with no force attraction
• dissipation: dissipation is when energy is spread out and bcomes less usefull
• the rate or speed of thermal energy transfer increased when the temperature difference between the hot place and cold place increases
• conduction and convection can't happen in a vacuum because there aren't

  any particles
• solid can't work in convection

  because the particle in the solids are not free to move
• radiation doesn't need particles
• all objects give out radiation
• good radiation emitter and absorber is white or silver, large surface area and shiny
• bad radiation emitter and absorber is dull, black and small surface area
• the closer the particles the higher the mass
• heat the total thermal energy of particles in an object
• temperature the average energy of particles in an object