Genes and the genetic code

Created by

Rafia Raja

Cards (59)

What are the key differences between the regulatory region and the coding region of a DNA sequence?
Regulatory region:
Controls gene expression
Contains promoter and other regulatory elements

Coding region:
Contains the instructions for making proteins
Transcribed into mRNA
What are the key points related to genes?
DNA: Carries genetic information
Trait: Characteristic of an organism
Inherited: Passed from parents to offspring
What is the role of mRNA in gene expression?
Transcribes DNA sequence into protein
What is the relationship between the nitrogenous bases in DNA?
Adenine pairs with Thymine
Cytosine pairs with Guanine
What is the name of the larger molecule that the nitrogenous bases are a part of?
DNA
What are the 5 main nitrogenous bases shown in the image?
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
Uracil
What is the promoter in a gene?
Where transcription starts
How does a gene function in relation to traits?
It acts like a blueprint for traits
What is the start codon for translation?
AUG
How do genes control inherited features in children?
By determining the combination of alleles inherited
What is the purpose of the coding region in a DNA sequence?
The coding region contains the instructions for making proteins
What happens to mRNA after transcription?
It leaves the nucleus for translation
If mRNA has UAC, what does the corresponding tRNA anticodon bring?
Tyrosine
What is the sequence of nucleotides in the coding region of the DNA shown in the image?
TACGCTGATCGACAUGCGACACTAG
What is the function of the regulatory region in a gene?
Controls when and how much protein is made
What is the relationship between transcription and translation?
Transcription produces mRNA from DNA
mRNA guides protein synthesis during translation
What happens during the elongation stage of translation?
tRNA brings amino acids to match mRNA codons
What are the two main regions of a DNA sequence shown in the image?
Regulatory region
Coding region
What is the process of inheritance through genes?
Genes are units of inheritance
Alleles are different versions of genes
Parents contribute alleles to offspring
The combination of alleles determines traits
What does it mean for a trait to be inherited?
It is passed down from parents to offspring
What does the coding region of a gene contain?
DNA sequence transcribed into mRNA
What happens to DNA during transcription?
It unwinds and pairs bases to form mRNA
How does a codon on mRNA relate to an anticodon on tRNA?
A codon matches an anticodon to determine amino acid
What are the two distinct regions of a gene?
Regulatory region and coding region
What signals the termination of translation?
A stop codon on mRNA
How can genes be thought of in relation to traits?
As blueprints dictating inherited characteristics
How do the regulatory and coding regions of a gene work together?
Like a switch and code to create traits
If a DNA segment is ATGCCT, what would the corresponding mRNA be?
UACGGAA
If you inherit a gene for blue eyes, what does that indicate?
You have a specific allele for eye color
What continues until a stop codon is reached during translation?
The addition of amino acids to the growing chain
How might one gene affect eye color?
It controls whether eyes are blue or brown
How do nucleotides pair in DNA?
In specific ways according to base pairing rules
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides
What does a gene serve as?
A set of instructions for a trait
What are the three main stages of translation?
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Where does translation occur in the cell?
In the ribosomes
What forms the base pairs in DNA?
Hydrogen bonds link the base pairs
What is the purpose of the promoter region in a DNA sequence?
The promoter region is responsible for initiating the transcription of the gene.
What is the process of translation in cells?
Reading mRNA to build proteins
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA with instructions