Oesophageal cancer

• What sex is oesophageal cancer more common in?

  Males
• What is the most common type of oesophageal cancer in the UK?

  Adenocarcinoma
• Where are oesophageal adenocarcinomas located in the oesophagus?

  Lower third - near GEJ
• Where are oesophageal squamous cell cancer located in the oesophagus?

  Upper 2/3rds
• What are some risk factors for developing oesophageal adenocarcinomas?

  GORD

  Barret's oesophagus

  Smoking

  Obesity
• What are some risk factors for developing oesophageal squamous cell cancer?

  Smoking

  Alcohol

  Achalasia

  Plummer-Vinson syndrome
• What are some features of oesophageal cancer?

  Dysphagia

  Weight loss

  Odynophagia

  Hoarseness

  Retrosternal pain

  Regurgitation of vomiting
• What is odynophagia?

  Painful swallowing
• What is the primary diagnostic modality for oesophageal cancer?

  Endoscopy and biopsy
• What are some imaging investigations for oesophageal cancer?

  Endoscopy

  Endoscopic ultrasound

  Barium swallow

  CT scan
• How is oesophageal cancer staged?

  TNM staging
• How is oesophageal cancer managed in the early stages?

  Surgery + neoadjuvant/ adjuvant chemoradiation
• What is done for patients with unresectable or metastatic oesophageal cancer?

  Palliative care