volcanoes + earthquakes

• What causes tectonic plates to move?

  Convection currents
• How do convection currents contribute to plate movement?

  Magma rises, cools, and sinks, dragging plates
• What is slab pull in tectonic plate movement?

  Older plates sink, pulling newer plates along
• What happens when older tectonic plates sink?

  Plates move apart in other areas
• What is ridge push in tectonic plate movement?

  New crust forms and pushes plates apart
• Where did the 2019 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull occur?

  South of Iceland
• What type of volcano is Eyjafjallajökull?

  Strato/composite
• What was the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of the 2019 eruption?


  3
• What type of plate boundary is associated with Eyjafjallajökull?

  Constructive plate margin
• What primary impact occurred due to the eruption?

  Day turned to night from ash clouds
• What secondary impact resulted from the eruption?

  Cancelled flights affected sports events
• What international impact did the eruption have?

  No-fly zone imposed over Europe
• What was one opportunity created by the eruption?

  Reduced CO2 emissions from grounded flights
• How did the eruption benefit marine life?

  Iron from ash triggered plankton bloom
• What are some opportunities created by volcanic activity?

  Tourism, scientific research, geothermal energy
• What is one method to reduce volcanic impact?

  Monitoring volcanoes for predictive changes
• Where are volcanoes typically located?

  Along plate margins
• What characterizes strato/composite volcanoes?

  Steep sides and explosive eruptions
• What characterizes shield volcanoes?

  Gentle slopes and runny lava
• What happens at conservative plate boundaries?

  Plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes
• What occurs at constructive/diverging boundaries?

  Magma rises, creating new land
• What happens during a collision of continental plates?

  Mountains form from crumpled rock layers
• What occurs during destructive/converging boundaries?

  Oceanic crust subducts under continental crust
• Where are earthquakes typically found?

  Along plate margins
• What is the epicenter of an earthquake?

  Point on Earth's surface above the focus
• What is liquefaction during an earthquake?

  Soil behaves like a fluid when shaken
• What can trigger landslides during an earthquake?

  Vibrations overcoming friction on slopes
• How is a tsunami generated by an earthquake?

  Displacement of water from underwater earthquakes
• What happens to a tsunami as it approaches the coast?

  Wave height increases significantly
• What are the three main responses to earthquakes?

  Prediction, protection, and preparation
• What is the Richter scale used for?

  Measuring energy released during earthquakes
• What does the Mercalli scale measure?

  Intensity of shaking based on observations
• What type of data does the Mercalli scale provide?

  Subjective, qualitative observations