Plant organs

• Photosynthesis:

  • reaction to create glucose
  • inside chloroplasts (contain green chlorophyll)
  • Endothermic reaction ( takes light energy in _
• Carbon dioxide + water --> ( light+ chlorophyll ) --> glucose + oxygen
• Endothermic - taking in light energy
• Exothermic - respiration
• Use of glucose - used in respiration, transfer energy
• Use of glucose - converted to insoluble starch, stores glucose without affecting cells water content
• Use of glucose - converted into cellulose, build cell walls
• Use of glucose - converted into amino acids, glucose combines with nitrate ions
• Use of glucose - converted to lipids ( fats ), energy stored in seeds
• leaf cell :

  
• Leaf adaptations - clear wax cuticle epidermis, light penetrates
• leaf adaptation - palisade stacked together with many chloroplasts, more light is absorbed
• Leaf adaptation - air spaces in spongy mesophyll, allows gases to diffuse to palisade layer
• leaf adaptation - broad surface, more light hits leaf
• Leaf adaptation - thin, reduces diffusion distance
• Xylem:

  1. function - transports water and minerals up plant
  2. structure - hollow tube of dead cells
  3. adaptation - lignin coating waterproofs tube
  4. vascular direction - inside facing
• Phloem :

  1. function -translocation of glucose up and down plant
  2. structure - tube with sieve plates of living cells
  3. adaptation - comparison cells , supply energy
  4. vascular bundle (direction) - outside facing