explanations

• Who proposed the negative triad theory of depression?

  Aaron Beck
• What does Beck's negative triad suggest about depression?

  It involves negative thoughts about self, world, future
• What is faulty information processing in depression?

  Focusing on negatives and ignoring positives
• How might a depressed person react to winning £1 million?

  They might focus on someone winning £10 million
• What is a negative self-schema?

  A mental framework interpreting self negatively
• What are the three elements of Beck's negative triad?

  Negative views of self, world, future
• What does a negative view of the world imply?

  Believing the world is a cold, hard place
• How does a negative view of the future affect depression?

  It reduces hopefulness and enhances depression
• What does a negative view of the self enhance?

  Existing feelings of low self-esteem
• Who proposed the ABC model of depression?

  Albert Ellis
• What does Ellis define as rational thinking?

  Thinking that allows happiness and freedom from pain
• What are irrational thoughts according to Ellis?

  Thoughts that interfere with happiness and pain-free living
• What does the 'A' in Ellis's ABC model stand for?

  Activating event
• What triggers irrational thoughts according to Ellis?

  Negative events that activate irrational beliefs
• What is 'musturbation' in Ellis's theory?

  The belief that one must always succeed
• What does 'I-can't-stand-it-itis' refer to?

  Believing it's a disaster when things go wrong
• What is utopianism according to Ellis?

  The belief that life should always be fair
• What are the consequences of irrational beliefs?

  Emotional and behavioral consequences arise
• How might failing at something affect a person with irrational beliefs?

  It can trigger depression due to beliefs