final years

    Cards (21)

    • Who were the inventionist monarchs mentioned?
      Charles I and James II
    • What are the key questions to consider in this chapter?
      • How effectively was England governed?
      • How did society and economy change?
      • How did intellectual and religious ideas develop?
    • What does the crisis involving the Earl of Essex indicate about royal authority?
      It faced significant difficulties
    • What was the political condition of England by 1603?
      Broadly effective government but declining authority
    • What event culminated in the execution of the Earl of Essex?
      His rebellion in 1601
    • How did Elizabeth's long reign affect her reputation?
      It tarnished her reputation
    • What was the economic condition of England by 1603?
      Considerable economic continuity with emerging changes
    • What were some early forms of commercial activity in England?
      Setting up trading companies and interest in the Americas
    • How did cottage industries contribute to the economy?
      They flourished and increased total production
    • What helped many people avoid poverty at the end of the sixteenth century?
      Thrift, multiple employments, and hard work
    • What was the state of society in England by 1603?
      Socially divided with differences in living standards
    • What prevented society from breaking down completely?
      Most of the population could be fed
    • What was the impact of the poverty years from 1594 to 1597?
      It shaped the reform of the poor law
    • What was the religious situation in England by the end of Elizabeth's reign?
      Favorable with declining popular Catholicism
    • How were English Catholics divided by the end of Elizabeth's reign?
      Between those accommodating and those seeking succession
    • What happened to Puritanism by the end of Elizabeth's reign?
      It faded and assimilated into Anglicanism
    • What ensured a degree of religious unity in England?
      A broad consensus surrounding the Church of England
    • What were the key factors affecting the governance of England during Elizabeth's reign?
      • Decline in royal authority
      • Issues with the Privy Council
      • Anxieties over succession
      • The Earl of Essex crisis
    • What were the main economic activities in England by 1603?
      • Flourishing cottage industries
      • Establishment of trading companies
      • Increased domestic production
      • Early interest in overseas trade
    • What were the social conditions in England by 1603?
      • Socially divided society
      • Constraints preventing breakdown
      • Majority could be fed
      • Reform of poor laws due to poverty
    • What was the state of religion in England by 1603?
      • Decline in popular Catholicism
      • Division among English Catholics
      • Assimilation of Puritans into Anglicanism
      • Broad consensus around the Church of England
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