hltheduc-midterms

• External observable changes in the learners’ behavior?

  behaviorist perspective
• Studies individual’s behavior in relation to various internal and external stimuli?

  classical conditioning
• Based on involuntary reflexive behavior?

  classical conditioning
• classical conditioning is proposed by?

  ivan pavlov
• what is used in classical conditioning?

  meat

  dog

  bell
• external event or situation that can be detected by an organism's senses?

  stimulus
• a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a specific response without any prior conditioning or learning?

  unconditioned stimulus
• through repeated association with the unconditioned stimulus, comes to elicit a learned or conditioned response?

  conditioned stimulus
• the behavior that is a result of an external or internal stimulus?

  response
• innate or reflexive reaction that occurs in response to the unconditioned stimulus?

  unconditioned response
• the learned response that occurs in reaction to the conditioned stimulus after conditioning has taken place?

  conditioned response
• Involves voluntary behavioral outcomes?

  operant conditioning
• Studies behavioral pattern that take place in response to numerous rewards and outcomes?

  operant conditioning
• operant conditioning is proposed by?

  burrhus frederick skinner
• operant conditioning used?

  rat box experiment
• result of an individual’s response to events that occurs in the environment?

  changes in behavior
• result of change in overt behavior?

  learning
• key element in Skinner’s S-R theory?

  reinforcement
• any stimulus that is given or added increase the response?

  positive reinforcement
• any stimulus that results in increased frequency of a response when it is withdrawn or removed?

  negative reinforcement
• designed to weaken or eliminate a response rather than increase it?

  punishment
• adding a factor to decrease a behavior?

  positive punishment
• removing a factor to decrease a behavior?

  negative reinforcement
• Focused on the internal process that happens inside a humans mind?

  cognitive perspective
• Changes in cognitive development that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood?

  piaget's cognitive development
• who's the author of piaget's cognitive development?

  jean piaget
• innate capacities?

  nature
• environmental events?

  nurture
• Development occurs through the interaction of innate capacities (nature) and environmental events (nurture), and children pass through a series of stages?


  piaget's cognitive development
• stages of cognitive development?

  sensorimotor

  preoperational

  concrete operational

  formal operational
• range of cognitive abilities develop. These include: object permanence and self-recognition?

  sensorimotor
• knowing that an object still exists, even if it is hidden?

  object permanence
• the child realizes that other people are separate from them?

  self recognition
• They relate to the emergence of the general symbolic function, which is the capacity?

  sensorimotor
• child does not understand that quantity remains the same even if the appearance changes?

  preoperational
• He assumes that other people see the world as he does?

  egocentric
• the child is egocentric?

  preoperational
• During this stage, young children can think about things symbolically?

  preoperational
• at this stage children often pretend to be people they are not and may play these roles with props that symbolize real life object?

  preoperational
• A child’s thinking is dominated by how the world looks, not how the world I?

  preoperational