biodiversity

Created by

Elizabeth

Cards (31)

what are courtship rituals?
A sequence of actions which is unique to each species. This is how animals identify numbers of their own species to reproduce with. This includes a sequence of dance moves and sounds
what do females do during courtship rituals performed by males?
they observe the courtship ritual and decide if they want to mate with the male
what does courtship behaviour enable?
recognise members of their own species as they can produce fertile offspring
identify a mate that is capable of breeding
form a pair bond
synchronise mating
become able to breed
what are the 3 domains?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
what kingdoms is the domain - Eukarya divided into?
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Anamalia
what is phylogeny?
This evolutionary relationship between organisms - how closely related they are
define species diversity
the number of different species and the number of individuals of each species within each species in a community
define genetic diversity
The variety of genes possessed by the individuals that make up a population of a species
define ecosystem diversity
The range of different habitats
what is a measure of species diversity?
species richness
define species richness
a measure of different species in a community
what practices have directly removed habitats and reduced species diversity?
destruction of hedgerows
selective breeding
monocultures
filling in ponds and draining marsh and other wetland
over-grazing of land
what practices have indirectly removed habitats and reduced species diversity? 
use of pesticides and inorganic fertilisers
escape of effluent from silage stores and slurry tanks into water courses
absence of crop rotation and lack of intercropping or undersowing.
what is the importance of courtship?
to ensure successful reproduction
enables them to recognise own species and opposite sex
synchronises mating behaviour - indicates sexually mature and in season (releasing egg)
to ensure survival of the offspring
form a pair bond
choose a strong and healthy mate
the more similar a courtship sequence is between different species, the most closely related a species are
what is the binomial system?
first name - genus , second name - species
the genus shows close relationship
why do different species look similar?
live in similar environments
have similar selection pressures
similar alleles will have the selective advantage
produces similar/ same proteins and therefore have similar characteristics - allele codes for a protein
what are classification systems an example of ?
a hierachy
what is a hierarchy?
smaller groups arranged within larger groups
no overlap between groups
what is each group called?
a taxa
why do we need a system to organise species?
to understand relationships between organisms and keep track of changes
the system used needs to be universal
system is based on putting organisms into smaller groups
what are the ways to classify?
DNA sequence
mRNA sequence
Amino acids sequence
immunological - comparing similarity in self-antibody shape
what is phylogenetic classification?
arranges species into groups according to their evolutionary origins and relationships
define genetic diversity
the variety of genes amongst all the individuals in a population of one species
define biodiversity
a range of habitats, from small local habitats to the entire Earth
how to measure biodiversity?
index of diversity
what is index of diversity?
a measure of species diversity. A calculation to measure the relationship between the number of species in a community and the number of individuals in each species.
What is N?
the total number of organisms of all species
what is n?
total number of organisms of a particular species
what is D?
Simpson's diversity index. Between 1-10
what 2 measurements are needed to calculate an index of diversity?
number of individuals of each species
total number of individuals of all species