Geometric Optics

• The focal length is the distance from the center of curvature to the focus.
• is the study of light using the light ray model
• Ole Romer discovered that lights travels at a particular speed
• Christaans Huygens discovered a way of knowing how to determine the movement of light as waves can be determine
• Fermat's Principle states that light seeks the path where it will take the shortest time to transverse\
• James Maxwell found out that changing the magnetic and electric fields from an accelarating charged particle can both sustain each other and create electromagnetic waves
• Albert Einstein proposed that light travels as a small particles containing a discrete amount of energy
• Light rays are used to trace the path of light
• Reflection is the bouncing off light when it hits a surface
• Indicent rays the light ray that hits the walls
• Reflected ray the light that gets reflected off
• Normal axis is a line perpendicular to the reflecting surface
• Incident angle is the angle that the incident ray makes with the normal axis
• Reflected angle the angle that reflected ray makes with the normal axis
• Specular reflection happens when light is reflected off from a smooth surface
• Diffused reflection happens when light is reflected in rough surfaces
• Specular reflection and Diffused reflection are the two types of reflection
• Refraction happen because bends as it experiences a change in speed when it passes through a different meduim
• Plane mirror or flat mirror is an optical devices with a flat surface that produces images through specular reflection
• The four properties used in describing images are: Type, Size, Alignments, Location
• Real Images are images that can be projected onto a screen
• Virtual images are the types of images that cannot be projected onto a screen and only exist virtually
• Alignment refers to the orientation of the image formed
• Upright if the image is positioned the same way the object is positioned
• Inverted if the image is oriented upside down compared to the object screen
• Location describes where the image is formed
• Ray diagrams are illustrations or tools that trace the path of light rays that forms the image
• There are two kinds of spherical mirrors: 1. Convex Mirror 2. Concave Mirror
• Concave mirror that curves inward
• Concave mirror that curve inward
• Lenses form images through refraction
• Converging lenses can be easily identified by its apperance
• Diverging lenses thickness at the edges and thinness at the middle
• lens is held by ligaments connected to cilirary muscles which enclose it
• Vitreous humor - light rays will pass through a clear gel - the liquid portion behind the cornea to lens
• Retina contains rods and cons which translate light rays into electrical signals to be received by the optic nerves
• Optic nerves will relay the signals to the brain and register what we see
• Myopia is a condition wherein a person cannot see things that are far away
• Hyperopia is a condition where a person can't see objects near him/her