Secularisation

    Cards (28)

    • What is secularisation according to Wilson?
      Process where religious beliefs lose significance
    • What is one indicator of religious decline?
      Decrease in church attendance
    • What does pluralism refer to in the context of secularisation?
      Rise of diverse beliefs
    • What is the definition of secularisation according to Wilson?
      Secularisation is the process where religious thinking, practice and beliefs lose their social significance
    • What are the 5 key aspects of secularisation according to the passage?
      1. Religious decline, 2. Pluralism, 3. Rationalisation, 4. Institutional changes, 5. Individualism
    • Why does religious pluralism lead to diminished authority of a single religion?
      Because the rise of diverse beliefs weakens the plausibility of any single religion's claim to absolute truth
    • What percentage of people in the UK and Wales identified as Christian in the 2021 census?
      Less than 50%
    • According to the passage, why is religion becoming less connected to the state in the UK?
      Because the state is no longer conforming its policies to the religious views of a single dominant religion
    • What percentage of babies were baptized in the UK in 2021 compared to 1950?
      Less than 25% compared to 66% in 1950
    • According to the passage, how does the Kendal project's findings challenge the idea of secularisation?
      The Kendal project found that religion is transforming rather than declining, with people combining multiple elements and faiths rather than completely abandoning religion
    • What are the two main criticisms of the Kendal project's findings?
      1. Limited generalizability to diverse urban areas, 2. Over-emphasis on individual spirituality
    • According to the Life-way report, what percentage of Americans could not tell any Christmas story in 2021?
      17%
    • How does the passage describe the idea of "vicarious religion" proposed by Grace Davie?
      People engage with religion indirectly through culture or community events, without actively participating in worship
    • According to the passage, what percentage of marriages in the UK involve a religious ceremony?
      Less than 50%
    • How does the passage describe the "secularisation from within" argument proposed by Herberg?
      Many religions are going against their own traditions and regulations in order to maintain membership, resulting in a watered-down version of religion
    • According to the passage, what is the "differentiation thesis" proposed by David Lyon?
      People are buying religious beliefs as consumer commodities, especially in non-traditional forms of religion
    • How does the passage describe the role of religion in the UK government and culture?
      Religion still holds significant cultural relevance, with over 4,000 Church of England schools, Anglican bishops in the House of Lords, and Christianity embedded in public broadcasting and the coronation of the monarch
    • How do the arguments of Berger, Stark and Bainbridge challenge the secularisation theory?
      They argue that secularisation is an ethnocentric Western argument that does not apply globally, and that religiosity remains constant as people are naturally religious
    • How do the arguments of Almond et al. and Roof and McKinney challenge the secularisation theory?
      They argue that the growth of fundamentalism and conservative religious movements shows religion is becoming stronger, not weaker
    • What are the 5 key aspects of secularisation according to the passage?
      1. Religious decline
      2. Pluralism
      3. Rationalisation
      4. Institutional changes
      5. Individualism
    • How does the Kendal project's findings challenge the idea of secularisation?
      • Found that religion is transforming rather than declining
      • People are combining multiple elements and faiths, rather than completely abandoning religion
      • Suggests a process of "resacrilisation" rather than just secularisation
    • What are the two main criticisms of the Kendal project's findings?
      1. Limited generalizability to diverse urban areas
      2. Over-emphasis on individual spirituality, downplaying importance of traditional religions
    • How does the passage describe the idea of "vicarious religion" proposed by Grace Davie?
      • People engage with religion indirectly through culture or community events
      • Without actively participating in religious worship
      • Maintains personal religious beliefs independently
    • How does the passage describe the "secularisation from within" argument proposed by Herberg?
      • Many religions are going against their own traditions and regulations
      • In order to maintain membership and relevance
      • This results in a watered-down, weaker version of religion
    • What is the "differentiation thesis" proposed by David Lyon?
      • People are buying religious beliefs as consumer commodities, especially in non-traditional forms of religion
      • Applies to the "Disneyfication" of religion, where spiritual meanings are trivialized
    • What is the role of religion in the UK government and culture?
      • Religion still holds significant cultural relevance
      • Over 4,000 Church of England schools
      • Anglican bishops in the House of Lords
      • Christianity embedded in public broadcasting and coronation of the monarch
    • How do Berger, Stark and Bainbridge challenge the secularisation theory?
      • Argue secularisation is an ethnocentric Western argument that does not apply globally
      • Claim religiosity remains constant as people are naturally religious
      • Criticize secularisation theory as Eurocentric and not representative of global trends
    • How do Almond et al. and Roof and McKinney challenge the secularisation theory?
      • Argue the growth of fundamentalism and conservative religious movements shows religion is becoming stronger, not weaker
      • Claim this "religious militancy" is a source of social change and conflict, contradicting secularisation