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Geography
Superpowers
7.7 - Tension over resources
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Billy Dudden
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Cards (7)
Denmark and Russia
Russia claimed the
seabed
below the
north pole
in 2007
Denmark claimed part of the
Arctic
in
2014
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (
UNCLOS
) - a country can claim the seabed within
200 nautical miles
of their country
Denmark therefore owns
900,000km
squared of the Arctic ocean because of
Greenland
Arctic
Canada - military exercises
Norway - expanded navy
Russia -
Arctic bomber patrols
Denmark -
Arctic military control
Melting ice allows
ships
to travel over the top - 2014,
71
cargo ships,
46
in 2012
Drilling for
oil and gas
increasingly possible -
USGS
1/8th
of the world's
oil
Attitudes and tensions
Tensions can arise over physical resources
In Cornwall,
Prince of Wales
owns all
mineral wealth
Disputes become more common as
demand
increases
Most are resolved
peacefully
- few conflicts arise e.g.
Iraq
Counterfeiting industry
Patpong district
in Bangkok sells
fake goods
like DVDs, shirts, watches, and luggage
Example:
£3.50
for a pair of
Birkenstocks
Quality varies from
excellent to poor
Violates
intellectual property rights
(IPR) under
WTO
rules
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (
TRIPS
) protect patents and innovations
Counterfeiting undermines
IPR
Tensions over territory
Growing tensions between
Russia
and many
eastern European
countries
After
USSR
collapse in
1991
, many countries claimed independence -
eight
joined
EU
in
2004
Links to
NATO
rather than
Russia
Counties bordering Russia still heavily influenced -
Belarus
,
Georgia
etc
Annexed
Crimea
in 2014 -
hard power
China
No intention of abandoning
territorial claims
of
Tibet
or
Taiwan
South China Sea
conflict -
China
,
Taiwan
,
Philippines
, Brunei, Malaysia, Vietnam and India
Chinese military bases in the
Spratly Islands
Many countries are
worried
by this
development
Military ambitions focused on supporting its
economy
- e.g.
anti-piracy
measures
Resource extraction in Alaska
Alaska holds over
18 billion
barrels of oil and
6 billion
cubic feet of natural gas, making up
20%
of the nation's domestic production
Oil production generated $
2.7
billion in
2019
,
90%
of Alaska's tax revenue
Average wage in 2019 was
2.5x
higher than the state average
Oil industry supports
1/4th
of Alaska's jobs and half of its
economy
54,700
jobs and
$145 billion
payroll expected through
2057
$45 billion
Alaska natural gas
pipeline
planned from
North Slope
to
Southcentral Alaska