2.2.1 Episodic Memory

• How do you recall information from semantic memory?

  Without remembering where you learned it
• What are the components of episodic memory?

  • Personal experiences: Events you were involved in
  • Specific moments: Unique times and places
  • Contextual details: Feelings, companions, and events
• What are the key stages of memory processing according to the image?

  • Sensory Memory
  • Short-term Memory
  • Long-term Memory
  • Rehearsal
  • Encoding
  • Retrieval
• Why is episodic memory important for personal identity?

  It helps relive past experiences and events
• If you wanted to remember information for a long period of time, which type of memory would you need to use?

  Long-term Memory
• What might you not remember perfectly when recalling a memory?

  Everything about the event
• What is episodic memory compared to?

  A personal diary in your brain
• What is the process of accessing episodic memories called?

  Retrieval
• What are the effects of pulling an all-nighter on memory?

  • Impairs encoding of lessons
  • Makes retrieval more difficult
  • Affects overall memory performance
• What are retrieval cues compared to in the context of memory?

  Search terms for finding memories
• What does the contextual characteristic of episodic memories include?

  When and where the event happened
• How does episodic memory differ from semantic memory?

  Episodic memory involves personal stories
• What is one factor that affects episodic memory?

  Stress
• What does semantic memory encompass?

  Facts and general knowledge
• What type of memory is involved in performing tasks without conscious thought?

  Procedural Memory
• What is the process through which episodic memories are created?

  Encoding from short-term to long-term memory
• How does episodic memory relate to feelings?

  It helps you remember how you felt during events
• How does episodic memory affect your life?

  It records experiences and influences decisions
• How does stress affect memory encoding?

  It hampers concentration, making it harder to remember
• What does episodic memory store?

  Memories of specific events and experiences
• What are the key differences between episodic, semantic, and procedural memories?

  • Episodic Memory: Personal experiences, context-based recall
  • Semantic Memory: Facts and knowledge, context-free recall
  • Procedural Memory: Skills and habits, unconscious performance
• What is the first stage of information processing according to the image?

  Sensory Memory
• How does interference affect memory formation?

  Overlapping information can block memory formation
• How does the reconstructive process relate to encoding?

  It is encoding but in reverse
• How does poor sleep affect memory encoding?

  It hinders encoding, especially complex events
• How does episodic memory differ from knowing facts?

  Episodic memory allows reliving past experiences
• What is the emotional characteristic of episodic memories?

  Can evoke feelings from the event
• What are the key stages of the memory process according to the image?

  1. Input Information
  2. Sensory Memory
  3. Attention
  4. Short-term Memory
  5. Rehearsal
  6. Encoding
  7. Long-term Memory
  8. Retrieval
  9. Forgotten - unprocessed Information
• What are episodic memories compared to?

  Unique entries in your personal memory diary
• What type of details does episodic memory help you remember?

  Details from specific events
• What are the characteristics of episodic memories?

  • Personal: Unique to each individual
  • Contextual: Includes time and place of events
  • Emotional: Evokes feelings from the experience
  • Reconstructive: Can change during recall
• How does age affect memory encoding and retrieval?

  Efficiency declines over time
• What can happen during the reconstructive process of memory recall?

  Alterations and misremembering of details
• What is the effect of poor sleep on memory retrieval?

  It makes retrieval more difficult
• What is the effect of stress on memory retrieval?

  It impairs accuracy and recall speed
• How might a location serve as a retrieval cue for a memory?

  It helps recall events associated with that place
• What is the duration of Short-term Memory according to the image?

  Less than 1 min
• How can episodic memory help you in decision-making?

  By allowing you to learn from past experiences
• What is the purpose of Sensory Memory according to the image?

  To store a fraction of a second of input information
• In what ways does episodic memory help you relate to others?

  By recalling shared experiences and feelings