characteristics of phobias, depression and OCD

• What three psychopathologies does this unit focus on?

  Phobias, depression, and OCD
• What are the three characteristics used to describe phobias, depression, and OCD?

  • Behavioral characteristics
  • Emotional characteristics
  • Cognitive characteristics
• What is a common behavior of someone with a phobia?

  Avoidance of the phobic object
• What is Arachnophobia?

  A fear of spiders
• What is Claustrophobia?

  A fear of enclosed spaces
• What is avoidant behavior in phobias?

  Physically adapting behavior to avoid phobic objects
• What is a physical display of panic associated with phobias?

  Uncontrollable physical response to phobic objects
• What is generalized failure to function in phobias?

  Inability to engage in normal day-to-day activities
• What emotional characteristic is common in phobias?

  Anxiety as a high state of arousal
• How does anxiety affect individuals with phobias?

  They constantly think about future encounters
• What is the emotional aspect of panic in phobias?

  Fear linked to the fight or flight response
• What cognitive characteristic do phobia sufferers exhibit?

  Exaggerated belief in harm from phobic objects
• How does a phobia affect cognitive capacity?

  Reduces ability to think and engage in life
• What are the behavioral characteristics of depression?

  • Change in activity level
  • Lethargy and lack of energy
  • Poor personal hygiene
  • Changes in eating behavior
  • Possible increase in aggressive acts
• What is anhedonia?

  Lack of energy for enjoyable activities
• What is a defining emotional characteristic of depression?

  Persistent low mood and sadness
• What emotions are commonly felt by those with depression?

  Guilt, helplessness, and low self-worth
• How does depression affect concentration?

  Leads to poor concentration and indecisiveness
• What are negative schemas in depression?

  Automatic negative biases in thinking
• What are the characteristics of OCD?

  • Obsessions: intrusive thoughts
  • Compulsions: behavioral responses to obsessions
  • Anxiety: emotional response to obsessions
• What are common compulsions in OCD?

  Checking behaviors and ritual cleaning
• How do compulsions relate to anxiety in OCD?

  They attempt to reduce anxiety temporarily
• What is avoidance behavior in OCD?

  Avoiding objects that trigger obsessive thoughts
• How does OCD affect social interactions?

  Leads to social withdrawal and isolation
• What is hyper vigilance in OCD?

  A constant state of alertness for threats
• What is selective attention in OCD?

  Focus on objects related to obsessions
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