Ulcerative colitis

• What are some risk factors for developing UC?

  Genetics

  Immune dysregulation

  Environment

  Dysbiosis
• How is UC classified?

  Extent and severity of colonic involvement
• What are the different classifications of UC?

  Ulcerative proctitis - Inflam is limited to rectum

  Proctosigmoiditis - Retum + sigmoid colon

  Left-sided colitis - Rectum -> splenic flexure

  Pancolitis - Entire colon
• What are some GI features of UC?

  Diarrhoea

  Haematochezia (hallmark feature)

  Mucus in stool

  Abdo pain (relieved after defecation)

  Tenesmus
• What are some systemic features of UC?

  Fever

  Fatigue

  Anorexia

  Weight loss
• What are some extra-intestinal features of UC?

  Arthritis

  Uveitis

  Erythema nodosum

  Primary sclerosing cholangitis (MORE PROMINENT IN UC)
• What are some first-line investigations for UC?

  FBC

  CRP

  Faecal calprotectin

  Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy + biopsy
• What are some further investigations for UC if first line are inconclusive?

  MRI or CT

  Faecal microbiology

  Serology
• How is UC managed medically?

  5-ASAs (aminosalicylates)

  Corticosteroids
• How is UC managed surgically?

  Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA)
• When is surgery indicated for UC?

  Complications e.g. toxic megacolon
• What is the main complication associated with UC?

  Colorectal cancer