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Biology- A level AQA
Biological Molecules
1.1 Monomers and Polymers
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Biological molecules
Organic compounds
made within/by a living organism
Carbon
Monomers
small
,
individual
molecules that join to make
polymers
Polymers
Long chains
of repeating
monomers
that are joined through
polymerisation.
Monomer: Monosaccharide
Polymer:
Starch
/
glucose
/
cellulose
Monomer: Amino Acid
Polymer:
Proteins
Monomer: Nucleotides
Polymer:
DNA
/
RNA
Condensation
Forms a covalent bond between 2 molecules
Water is released
Typically happens between 2 hydroxl groups
Hydrolysis
Splits molecules
Uses water
Breaks covalent bonds
Ionic bonding
Non-metal and metal
electrons move from metal to non-metal
Form positive and negative ions
Drawn together by electrostatic charge
Covalent Bonding
share electrons
non-metal and non-metal
want full outershells
strong bond
Form new molecules
Hydrogen bonds
electrons move in their shells
atoms polarise and attract each other
weak electrostatic interactions
always involves hydrogen
individually, not strong bonds
stabalise polymers
cause the cohesion of water molecules