Economic Developments

• What was the trend in England's trade volume in the first half of the 16th century?

  It increased
• What happened to woollen cloth exports during Henry VIII's reign?

  They almost doubled
• What does the increase in wine imports during Henry VIII's reign indicate?

  Increased spending power of nobility
• Which city was a leading export route for cloth?

  London
• How did the rise of London as a trade hub affect other ports?

  It negatively impacted ports like Bristol
• What was the impact of Venetian trading on Southampton port?

  Increased imports and exports
• What was the biggest change in the cloth industry during this period?

  Increase in cheaper fabrics like kersey
• What percentage of cloth exports were transported by English merchants in the 1550s?

  70%
• What was the significance of the cloth trade for the woollen industry?

  It significantly increased profits
• What remained a prized export from Cornwall?

  Tin
• What was the role of blast furnaces in Sussex and Kent?

  To produce iron ore
• How many blast furnaces were there by the mid-1500s?

  26
• What was Henry VIII's attitude towards exploration?

  He was uninterested
• Who continued involvement in the Iceland and Newfoundland fishery?

  Robert Thorne
• What happened to Sebastian Cabot during Henry VIII's reign?

  He remained in Spain most of the time
• What did John Guy say about England's economy under the Tudors?

  It was healthier and more expansive
• What demographic change occurred from 1525?

  Population grew significantly
• What economic effect did agricultural price rises have from the 1520s?

  Increased farming incomes
• What was the practice of engrossing?

  Joining farms into a single unit
• What was the short-term effect of the debasement of coinage?

  Created an artificial economic boom
• What were the consequences of bad harvests during Henry VIII's reign?

  Significant food price inflation
• How much did food prices increase during Henry VIII's reign?

  Almost doubled
• What did historical subsidy assessments reveal about urban poverty?

  Significant urban poverty existed
• How many migrants moved to London annually in search of employment?

  Over 5000
• What was the moral perception of enclosure?

  It forced the poor from their homes
• What legislation was passed against enclosure in 1517?

  An enclosure commission was launched
• Where was enclosure most commonly practiced?

  East Midlands villages
• What was the impact of population increase on food supply?

  Strain on food supply occurred
• Who benefited from the increase in population?

  Wealthier farmers and landowners
• What did John Guy argue about agricultural improvement?

  It promoted growth at peasant distress
• How did society change due to economic conditions?

  It became more polarized
• What assumption did the wealthy make about the poor?

  They were poor due to idleness
• What measures were taken against vagrancy and begging?

  Stricter measures were implemented