Biology: Excretion

    Cards (47)

    • What is the primary function of the kidneys?
      Producing urine
    • What is the role of the bladder in the urinary system?
      Stores urine until excretion
    • What are the main parts of the urinary system?
      • Kidneys
      • Ureters
      • Bladder
      • Urethra
    • What is the bundle of capillaries called where blood is filtered?
      Glomerulus
    • Where does ultrafiltration take place in the nephron?
      Bowman's capsule
    • Where does selective reabsorption occur?
      Proximal tubule
    • How much glucose is reabsorbed into the blood?
      All glucose
    • What processes are involved in glucose reabsorption?
      Selective reabsorption, diffusion, active transport
    • What is the site of action for ADH?
      Collecting duct
    • What effect does increased ADH secretion have?
      Increased permeability of collecting duct
    • Where is ADH produced?
      Pituitary gland
    • What is excretion?
      Getting rid of toxic waste products of metabolism
    • What is osmoregulation?
      Control of water concentration in blood
    • Why is it important for kidneys to control water and salt concentration?
      Maintains homeostasis in the body
    • What are the excretory products of the lungs?
      CO₂ from respiration
    • What are the excretory products of the skin?
      Water and salts
    • What do the kidneys excrete?
      Urea and excess water
    • What are the three main layers of the kidney?
      • Cortex
      • Medulla
      • Pelvis
    • What happens when blood arrives at the kidneys?
      Blood is ultrafiltered; waste is removed
    • What substances move into the kidney nephron?
      Water, urea, glucose, salts
    • Why is protein not found in the urine of a healthy person?
      It is too large to be filtered
    • What happens to urine concentration and volume on a hot day?
      Concentration increases, volume decreases
    • What is selective reabsorption?
      Reabsorption of certain substances
    • Where does selective reabsorption occur?
      In the proximal tubule
    • What hormone controls water reabsorption?
      ADH
    • What does ADH do?
      Increases permeability of collecting duct
    • Why is glucose not found in the urine of a healthy person?
      All glucose is reabsorbed back
    • What hormone does the pituitary gland produce?
      ADH
    • What is the primary function of ADH?
      Controls water reabsorption into the blood
    • What happens when you drink too little water?
      Blood concentration increases
    • How does the hypothalamus respond to low water intake?
      Instructs the pituitary gland to produce more ADH
    • What effect does ADH have on the collecting ducts?
      Makes them more permeable to water
    • What is the result of high ADH levels in the blood?
      More water is reabsorbed
    • How does urine change with high ADH levels?
      It becomes more concentrated and darker
    • What are the main components of the nephron?
      • Glomerulus
      • Bowman's capsule
      • Proximal tubule
      • Loop of Henle
      • Distal tubule
      • Collecting ducts
    • What happens if you drink excessive amounts of water?
      Blood concentration decreases
    • What does the pituitary gland do when blood concentration decreases?
      Produces less ADH
    • How does decreased ADH affect the collecting duct?
      Makes it less permeable to water
    • What is the effect of decreased water reabsorption on blood concentration?
      Blood concentration increases
    • How does urine change with decreased ADH levels?
      It contains more water and is lighter
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