development

• What is the first stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

  Sensori-motor stage
• What age range does the sensori-motor stage cover?

  0-2 years
• What is the second stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

  Pre-operational stage
• What age range does the pre-operational stage cover?

  2-7 years
• What are the key debates in Piaget's theory?

  Nature vs. nurture and reductionism
• What type of experiments did Piaget use in his research?

  Field experiment and natural experiment
• What are Dweck and Willingham known for?

  Their learning theories
• What are the two types of mindset according to Dweck?

  Growth mindset and fixed mindset
• What are the key concepts in cognitive development?

  • Development
  • Stages of brain development
  • Concrete-operational stage (7-11 years)
  • Formal operational stage (11+ years)
  • Praise for effort
  • Learning occurs through meaning, not styles
• What is the age range for the concrete-operational stage?

  7-11 years
• What is the age range for the formal operational stage?

  11+ years
• What does Piaget's (1952) study into conservation of number aim to investigate?

  Children's understanding of number conservation
• What is the sample used in Piaget's study on conservation?

  Children
• What research method did Piaget use in his conservation study?

  Naturalistic observation
• What were the findings of Piaget's conservation study?

  Children in concrete operational stage understand conservation
• What limitation was noted in Piaget's conservation study?

  Children may spread out objects to appear more
• What does Blackwell et al. (2007) study focus on?

  Fixed and growth mindset
• What is the sample used in Blackwell et al.'s study?

  Grade school students
• What research method did Blackwell et al. use?

  1. Correlation study
  2. Field experiment
• What were the findings of Blackwell et al.'s study?

  Growth mindset leads to improved performance
• What is the application of research regarding readiness for education?

  Readiness for key stages
• How does praise for effort impact students?

  It has a positive impact on achievement
• What limitation is noted regarding learning styles?

  Teachers separate innate and proximate factors
• What are the limitations of Piaget's study on conservation?

  • Sample size may not be representative
  • Children may not fully understand tasks
  • Cultural differences in understanding
• What are the limitations of Blackwell et al.'s study?

  • Sample may not represent all students
  • Short-term effects may not indicate long-term outcomes
  • Potential biases in self-reported data
• What is active learning?


  The idea that children should not just be sat at a desk, and they should be engaging with the environment to learn from it
• What is symbolic play?


  Children should play make believe, seeing things as what they aren't

  eg. Seeing a coat as a superhero cape