mass transport in animals

• What is haemoglobin's primary role?

  To transport oxygen
• How does the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen change?

  It changes based on the number of oxygen molecules bound
• What happens to haemoglobin's shape as oxygen binds?

  It changes, making further binding easier
• Where does haemoglobin readily load oxygen in humans?

  In the alveoli with high partial pressure
• What is the Bohr effect?

  Reduced affinity for oxygen due to high carbon dioxide
• How does carbonic acid affect haemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?

  It decreases the affinity by changing haemoglobin's shape
• Why is it advantageous for haemoglobin to unload oxygen in respiring tissues?

  It delivers oxygen for aerobic respiration
• What type of haemoglobin do animals like lugworms and whales possess?

  Different types with varying oxygen transport properties
• What is myoglobin's function in animals?

  It acts as an oxygen store with high affinity
• What is required knowledge for the circulatory system in mammals?

  Coronary arteries and blood vessels' functions
• What is the purpose of Required Practical 5?

  To dissect the human heart
• What safety equipment is necessary during a heart dissection?

  Gloves for hygiene
• What tool is used to cut cardiac tissue during dissection?

  A sharp scalpel
• What are the key structures of the human heart?

  • Atria and ventricles
  • Valves (e.g., mitral, tricuspid)
  • Coronary arteries
  • Blood vessels entering and leaving the heart
• What are the differences in oxygen transport properties among various haemoglobins?

  • Different organisms have unique haemoglobins
  • Myoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen
  • Adaptations based on environmental needs
• What is the significance of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve?

  • Illustrates how haemoglobin's affinity for oxygen changes
  • Shows loading and unloading of oxygen under different conditions
  • Helps understand respiratory physiology
• What is the role of the circulatory system in mammals?

  • Transports oxygen and nutrients
  • Removes waste products
  • Maintains homeostasis