Preventions

• Discovered vaccines

  • Maids & cowpox -> smallpox
• Jenners work saved many lives all over the world
• In the 1970s smallpox was wiped out worldwide
• Encouraged parliament to promote vaccinations
• His work inspired the search for vaccinations against other diseases
• Edward Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine in 1796
• In 1796, 3548 people were killed by smallpox
• Inoculation = using a small amount of bacteria so that the body knows how to fight it of
• Inoculation became popular in the 1750s
• Thomas Dimsdale and others made a lot of money through inoculation so did not want to promote vaccines
• Who discovered the vaccine for smallpox in 1796?

  Edward Jenner
• What was the method used by Edward Jenner to create the smallpox vaccine?

  He infected a boy with cowpox
• What happened to James Phipps when exposed to smallpox after vaccination?

  He did not become infected
• When did the government begin to enforce compulsory vaccination?

  In 1872
• What did the Public Health Act of 1848 encourage cities to do?

  Set up Boards of Health and provide clean water
• How did the Public Health Act of 1875 improve upon the 1848 Act?

  It made clean water provision compulsory
• What additional requirements were established by the Public Health Act of 1875?

  Dispose of sewage and employ a health officer
• What was a key feature of new houses mandated by the Public Health Act of 1875?

  They had to be of better quality and less overcrowded
• What disease is associated with severe diarrhea and can lead to death within hours?

  Cholera
• How quickly could someone die from cholera if untreated?

  Within 2 hours
• When did cholera arrive in London?

  In the 18th century
• What was the source of cholera in London during the outbreak?

  A contaminated pump in Broad Street
• What was the significance of the Broad Street pump in the cholera outbreak?

  It was identified as the source of infection
• What was a result of the cholera outbreak in London?

  Improvements in the water supply system
• What did the cholera outbreak force the government to do?

  Improve the water supply system