Problems with deterministic explanations

• Why is a fully genetic explanation for criminality problematic?

  • it suggests people with certain genes are destined to become criminals, which is not supported by evidence
• What evidence contradicts the idea of genetic determinism?

  • tihonen et Al (2015): individuals with the ‘criminal gene’ were 13 times more likely to have a history of violent crime - but not all were criminals

  • caspi et Al (2002): only those with both genetic risk + environmental triggers showed increased criminality
• What legal and ethical issues arise from genetic explanations of crime?

  • Mobley case (1994): lawyers argued genetics made their client violent, questioning criminal responsibility

  • raises concerns about ‘genetic excuses’ in the legal system