Physics

• There are 5 stores of energy; chemical, kinetic (movement), gravitational potential, elastic potential (will return to original shape after deformation) and thermal energy (heat).
• The law of conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy is constant - it cannot be created nor destroyed but only transformed from one form into another.
• When in a “closed” system (no energy can leak in or out) the total amount of energy is always the same.
• In an open system some energy may enter/leave so the total amount of energy will change over time.
• Work done= force x distance (moved in the direction of the force)
• GPE=mass x gravitational field strength x height
• 1 Joule per second = 1 Watt
• Velocity-if an object is moving and how fast
• Momentum – if an object moves with a certain velocity then it has momentum
• Acceleration- if an objects speed changes, it has acceleration
• Force - if there’s a push or pull on an object then that object experiences a force
• Kinetic energy=1/2 x mass x (velocity)2 (squared)
• Elastic potential energy= 1/2 x spring constant x (extension)2 (squared)
• Extension=spring length-original length
• Efficiency= useful energy output/ total energy input
• Power=energy transferred/ time taken
• Power is the rate of energy transfer
• There are 4 transfers of energy; electrical current(wires), forces(push, pull), waves(sound) and by heating