reproduction

• What is sexual reproduction?

  Type of reproduction involving gametes
• How are gametes formed in sexual reproduction?

  By meiosis
• What happens when gametes fuse?

  A zygote is formed
• What is unique about the resulting zygote from sexual reproduction?

  It has mixed genetic information
• What are gametes?

  Sex cells like sperm and egg cells
• What is the chromosome number of gametes?

  Haploid, half the number of chromosomes
• What is meiosis?

  Cell division for gamete formation
• What is the result of meiosis?

  Non-identical haploid cells
• How many divisions occur in meiosis?

  Two divisions
• What must occur before meiosis?

  Interphase
• What happens during the first stage of meiosis?

  Chromosome pairs line up and separate
• What is the outcome of the first stage of meiosis?

  Chromosome number is halved
• What happens during the second stage of meiosis?

  Chromatids are separated to opposite poles
• How many unique gametes are produced in meiosis?

  Four unique haploid gametes
• Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?

  It increases genetic variation
• What is another reason meiosis is important for sexual reproduction?

  It ensures zygote is diploid
• What occurs during fertilisation?

  Gametes join to restore chromosome number
• What happens after fertilisation?

  The new cell divides by mitosis
• What occurs as the embryo develops?

  Cells differentiate
• What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?

  Creates genetic variation in offspring
• How does sexual reproduction aid in species survival?

  Increases adaptation to environmental changes
• How can humans speed up natural selection?

  Through selective breeding
• What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

  Requires two parents
• Why is requiring two parents a disadvantage?

  It complicates reproduction in endangered species
• What is another disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

  More time and energy is required
• What is asexual reproduction?

  Type of reproduction involving mitosis
• What is the outcome of asexual reproduction?

  Produces genetically identical offspring
• What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

  Only one parent is required
• How quickly can asexual reproduction produce offspring?

  In a short period of time
• Why does asexual reproduction require less energy?

  No mate is needed
• What is the disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

  No genetic variation except mutations
• How does lack of genetic variation affect species?

  Reduces adaptation to environmental change
• Where do malarial parasites reproduce sexually?

  In the mosquito
• Where do malarial parasites reproduce asexually?

  In the human host
• How do fungi reproduce asexually?

  By spores
• Why do fungi reproduce sexually?

  To give variation
• How do plants reproduce sexually?

  To produce seeds
• How do plants reproduce asexually?

  By runners or bulb division
• What is DNA?

  Double-stranded polymer of nucleotides
• Where is DNA found in a cell?

  In the nucleus