4.4.1.2 Negative Self-Schemas

• If someone believes they are unlovable due to a negative self-schema, how might this affect their relationships?

  It may lead to difficulties in forming relationships
• How does a negative self-schema about intelligence affect academic performance?

  It leads to lower confidence and motivation
• How do self-schemas help individuals?

  They help understand and predict behavior
• What is a common negative self-schema related to feelings of capability in depression?

  Incompetence
• What do negative self-schemas lead to in terms of thoughts?

  They lead to automatic negative thoughts
• What are the common negative self-schemas in depression?

  • Incompetence: Believing you are not capable
  • Unworthiness: Feeling undeserving of good things
  • Unlovableness: Thinking you cannot be loved
  • Failure: Expecting to fail
  • Guilt: Feeling responsible for negative outcomes
• What effect does a positive self-schema have on a student's motivation and performance?

  It helps them stay motivated and perform better
• How do schemas function in our minds?

  They help us organize knowledge and interpret information
• What are schemas in psychology?

  Mental structures that organize knowledge
• What role do schemas play in predicting future events?

  They help categorize experiences for efficient thought
• What negative self-schema is characterized by expecting to fail?

  Failure
• If someone has a positive self-schema about being a good student, what might they believe?

  They are capable and likely to do well
• What is a negative self-schema?

  A negative belief about oneself
• How do negative self-schemas reinforce negative beliefs?

  By creating a cycle that perpetuates depression
• Which negative self-schema involves feeling responsible for negative outcomes?

  Guilt
• How do negative self-schemas relate to the concept of schemas in general?

  They help organize beliefs about oneself like schemas do
• What is the impact of a negative self-schema on future expectations?

  It causes pessimistic expectations about the future
• What happens if you have a negative self-schema about your appearance?

  You dwell on imperfections and misinterpret compliments
• What can be a consequence of holding a negative self-schema regarding one's career?

  Believing one will never succeed in their career
• How can schemas be compared to blueprints?

  They guide perception and understanding of the world
• How does a negative self-schema affect self-esteem?

  It significantly lowers self-esteem
• What are negative self-schemas?

  Beliefs that influence negative perceptions
• If someone has a negative self-schema about their intelligence, what cognitive distortion might they use during an exam?

  Selective abstraction
• What metaphor is used to describe how negative self-schemas affect perception?

  Seeing oneself through a dark lens
• What is selective abstraction?

  Focusing only on negatives
• How can negative self-schemas affect self-esteem?

  They can erode self-esteem and contribute to depression
• What are negative self-schemas compared to in the study material?

  They are like the base of a building
• What cognitive biases are created by negative self-schemas?

  Focusing on failures and ignoring successes
• What effect does focusing only on mistakes in an exam have on a person's self-image?

  It reinforces their negative self-image
• What is overgeneralization?

  Making broad negative conclusions from single events
• What is the cycle created by negative self-schemas and depression?

  • Negative self-schema influences perception
  • Leads to automatic negative thoughts
  • Creates cognitive biases
  • Reinforces negative beliefs
  • Perpetuates depression
• Why is understanding the interplay between negative self-schemas and cognitive distortions important?

  It helps challenge and modify distorted thoughts
• Which negative self-schema relates to the belief of not being loved?

  Unlovableness
• What role do self-schemas play in organizing beliefs about oneself?

  • Self-schemas organize beliefs about oneself
  • They help structure personal identity
  • Negative self-schemas create a negative self-image
• How do negative self-schemas interact with cognitive distortions?

  They amplify feelings of depression
• What are self-schemas?

  Mental pictures of your characteristics
• How do negative self-schemas affect experiences?

  They lead to negative perceptions and interpretations
• What negative self-schema involves feeling undeserving of good things?

  Unworthiness
• How do negative self-schemas affect experiences?

  They lead to negative perceptions and interpretations