basic functions

• What is a lysosome?

  A vesicle containing digestive enzymes
• What is the primary function of lysosomes?

  Breakdown of organic compounds and damaged organelles
• What is a peroxisome?

  A vesicle containing degradative enzymes
• What does a peroxisome do?

  Breakdown of organic compounds and neutralization of toxins
• What is the structure of a mitochondrion?

  Double membrane with inner membrane folds
• What is the main function of mitochondria?

  Produces 95% of the ATP required by the cell
• What is contained within the nucleus?

  Fluid nucleoplasm, enzymes, proteins, DNA
• What are the functions of the nucleus?

  Controls metabolism and stores genetic information
• What are ribosomes made of?

  RNA and proteins
• Where are fixed ribosomes located?

  Bound to rough ER
• What is the function of ribosomes?

  Protein synthesis
• What are the functions of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

  • Synthesis of secretory products
  • Intracellular storage and transport
  • Detoxification of drugs or toxins
• What distinguishes smooth ER from rough ER?

  Smooth ER has no attached ribosomes
• What does rough ER do?

  Modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins
• What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

  Stacks of flattened membranes (cisternae)
• What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

  Stores, alters, and packages synthesized products
• What is the cytoskeleton composed of?

  Proteins organized in filaments or tubes
• What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

  Strengthens and supports the cell
• What are microvilli?

  Membrane extensions containing microfilaments
• What is the function of microvilli?

  Increases surface area for absorption
• What are the two types of organelles based on placement?

  • Non-Membranous Organelles
  • Membranous Organelles
• What is the plasma membrane's function?

  Separates cell contents from extracellular fluid
• What is cytoplasm?

  Material between cell membrane and nuclear membrane
• What are the two subdivisions of cytoplasm?

  Cytosol and organelles
• What is cytosol?

  Intracellular fluid within the cytoplasm
• What are organelles?

  Intracellular structures with specific functions