Physics Final

• Torque (T) = dL/dt = Force x distance = F x radius x sin(θ)
• Rotational momentum = L = Inertia * ω
• Rotational work = W = T * θ
• Rotational energy = (Inertia*ω²)/2 = KE = (mv²)/2
• As Inertia (I) increases, so does RE, while velocity goes down in similar terms
• The same shaped (ie. two spheres) items will have the same speed in free fall (frictionless assumption) independent of mass.
• The vertical component force stays the same wherever someone is on a ladder, but the horizontal component force changes depending on where someone is on the ladder
• The angle of total force increases as a person climbs a ladder
• Force of tension increases as more horizontal length and less vertical length is given to two ropes holding an object
• For a crane holding a box, the vertical force increases felt on the hinge as the box is placed closer to it, while horizontal force on the beam of the crane increases as the box is placed further away on it
• At the greatest displacement on an ideal spring, acceleration is at a maximum
• Frequency of vibration of a potential energy system is 2f
• frequency is independent of gravity
• When the force of tension is constant, wavelength is indirectly proportional to frequency
• When length and mass are constant, and force of tension is manipulated, the frequency is indirectly proportional to the square of that force of tension
• Waves travel at the same speed in the same medium and origin
• In a transverse wave, particles move perpendicular to direction of propagation
• In longitudinal waves, particles oscillate parallel to direction of propagation
• Avogadro's number is 6.022 x 10^23
• As temperature is increased, so does average molecule speed, and both/either Pressure and volume
• Opening and end to a pipe causes its fundamental resonance frequency to rise by an octave
• 2 open ends on a pipe allow all integers of the empirical harmonic frequency to be harmonized. One open end on a pipe only allows odd integers to be multiplied to the empirical harmonic frequency to harmonize.
• The wavelength of a wave is equal the distance from the 1st node to the 3rd node, while length L is generally noted as the distance from one node to the other.
• A node is the base line of a wave while antinode is the max or min of a wave
• The 3 lowest modes of a 2 end open pipe are 2L, L, and 2L/3

  The 3 lowest modes of a 1 open end pipe are 4L, 4L/3, and 4L/5
• Pressure * Volume = n * R * Temperature
• Pressure * Volume = N * k * Temperature
• According to the doppler effect, the frequency of a wave is affected by the speed of the source.

  A higher pitch will be heard as a siren is moving towards you, while it will be heard at a lower pitch moving away from you.
• Work = Force x Distance (F = ma)