Define diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.

• How does water move during osmosis?

  From areas of more water to less water
• How does diffusion occur in terms of energy?

  It occurs without needing extra energy
• What type of membrane is required for osmosis?

  Semipermeable membrane
• How does active transport differ from diffusion and osmosis?

  Active transport needs the cell to do work
• What is the main difference in movement type between diffusion and osmosis?

  Diffusion involves both solute and solvent
• What is the common goal of both diffusion and osmosis?

  To equalize concentrations between solutions
• What is the definition of osmosis?

  Only solvent particles move, solute particles do not move. The movement is through a semipermeable membrane.
• How does diffusion differ from osmosis?

  • Diffusion: Solvent and solute particles move to equalize concentrations, no semipermeable membrane involved.
  • Osmosis: Only solvent particles move, solute particles do not move. The movement is through a semipermeable membrane.
• When would you expect diffusion to occur versus osmosis?

  • Diffusion occurs when there is no semipermeable membrane involved, and the goal is to equalize concentrations.
  • Osmosis occurs when there is a semipermeable membrane, and the goal is to equalize the solvent concentration on both sides of the membrane.
• Why is active transport important for nutrient absorption?

  It ensures vitamins and minerals are absorbed
• What does active transport require to function?

  Energy (ATP)
• In which direction does passive transport move substances?

  Down the concentration gradient
• What are the key differences between diffusion and osmosis?

  • Movement Type:
  • Diffusion: Both solute and solvent
  • Osmosis: Only solvent
  • Membrane Requirement:
  • Diffusion: No membrane needed
  • Osmosis: Requires semipermeable membrane
  • Direction of Movement:
  • Diffusion: High to low concentration
  • Osmosis: High to low water concentration
• What are the four types of transport processes shown in the image?

  1. Active transport
  2. Passive transport
  3. Diffusion
  4. Facilitated diffusion
• What is the definition of diffusion?

  Solvent and solute particles move to equalize concentrations, no semipermeable membrane involved.
• If a cell needs to transport a large molecule that cannot freely diffuse across the membrane, which transport process would it use?

  Facilitated diffusion
• How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?

  Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins to help move molecules across the membrane, while simple diffusion relies on the random movement of molecules.
• What analogy is used to describe osmosis?

  Water flowing from a full glass to an empty one
• What is active transport compared to?

  Moving something uphill
• How does the direction of movement differ between diffusion and osmosis?

  Diffusion moves from high to low concentration
• How does osmosis affect plant cells when they absorb water?

  It increases turgor pressure in the cells
• What is the direction of water movement in osmosis?

  High to low water concentration
• What are the key differences between the transport processes shown in the image?

  • Active transport requires energy (ATP) while passive transport does not
  • Diffusion and facilitated diffusion move molecules down a concentration gradient, while active and passive transport can move molecules against a gradient
  • Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins to aid movement, while simple diffusion does not
• How does diffusion work in cells?

  Oxygen moves from blood to cells
• How do the transport processes shown in the image differ in terms of the direction of molecular movement?

  Active and passive transport can move molecules against or down a concentration gradient, while diffusion and facilitated diffusion only move molecules down a concentration gradient
• What are the main features that differentiate active transport from passive transport?

  • Active Transport:
  • Energy Source: ATP
  • Movement Direction: Against gradient
  • Example: Sodium-potassium pump
  • Passive Transport:
  • Energy Source: Kinetic energy
  • Movement Direction: Down gradient
  • Examples: Diffusion, osmosis
• What role does osmosis play in plants?

  It helps water enter the plant cells
• What is osmosis?

  Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
• What is the difference between active and passive transport?

  Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against a concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves molecules down a concentration gradient.
• In what scenario does active transport occur in the intestines?

  Absorbing nutrients from food
• How do protein pumps function in active transport?

  They are powered by ATP to move substances
• What is the energy source for passive transport?

  Kinetic energy
• What is the process of diffusion compared to in the study material?

  • Compared to a crowd spreading out
  • From a busy market to quieter streets
• How does active transport differ from passive transport?

  Active transport moves substances against their gradient
• Why is active transport necessary for cells?

  To move molecules against their concentration gradient and maintain homeostasis
• What is diffusion?

  Movement from high to low concentration
• What is the energy source for active transport?

  ATP
• How does passive transport occur across the membrane?

  Through channels or directly across the membrane
• Through which part of the plant does osmosis occur for water absorption?

  Roots