5.2.1.2 Operant Conditioning

• What role do consequences play in operant conditioning?

  They influence the repetition of behaviors
• What is the effect of reinforcement on behavior?

  It encourages repetition of the behavior
• What are the key concepts of operant conditioning?

  • Reinforcement: Increases likelihood of behavior
  • Punishment: Decreases likelihood of behavior
• How does Classical Conditioning work?

  It involves passive learning through association
• What are the two ways we learn behaviors?

  Operant Conditioning and Classical Conditioning
• What is the mechanism of Operant Conditioning?

  Consequences affect behavior
• What is the main difference between Operant Conditioning and Classical Conditioning?

  Operant Conditioning is active, Classical is passive
• What are the definitions and effects of reinforcement and punishment?

  • Reinforcement:
  • Increases likelihood of behavior being repeated
  • Makes you want to do it again
  • Punishment:
  • Decreases likelihood of behavior being repeated
  • Makes you less likely to repeat it
• What is punishment in operant conditioning?

  Discourages repetition of a behavior
• How do reinforcement and punishment differ in their effects on behavior?

  Reinforcement encourages, punishment discourages behavior
• What is the goal of both types of punishment?

  To reduce the likelihood of repeating a behavior
• What are the types of schedules of reinforcement?

  • Fixed Ratio (FR)
  • Variable Ratio (VR)
  • Fixed Interval (FI)
  • Variable Interval (VI)
• How does studying for exams exemplify positive reinforcement?

  Good grades encourage more studying
• What is Negative Punishment?

  It removes a desirable stimulus after a behavior
• What are the two key concepts in Operant Conditioning?

  Reinforcement and punishment
• How does negative punishment affect rule-breaking behavior?

  It makes disobedience less likely by losing privileges
• What are the key concepts of Classical Conditioning?

  Unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus
• How do the learning processes of Operant and Classical Conditioning differ?

  Operant is active; Classical is passive
• Why are intermittent schedules like variable ratio more effective?

  They create more persistence in behavior
• What is a Fixed Interval (FI) schedule?

  Reward after a fixed time interval
• What is the difference between continuous and intermittent reinforcement?

  • Continuous reinforcement: Rewards every instance of behavior
  • Intermittent reinforcement: Rewards only some instances
• How do reinforcement and punishment differ in their effects on behavior?

  Reinforcement increases behavior; punishment decreases it
• What are the key features that differentiate Operant Conditioning from Classical Conditioning?

  • Learning Process:
  • Operant: Active
  • Classical: Passive
  • Mechanism:
  • Operant: Consequences affect behavior
  • Classical: Association of stimuli
  • Key Concepts:
  • Operant: Reinforcement and punishment
  • Classical: Unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus
• What is operant conditioning?

  A way we learn behaviors based on consequences
• What are the key characteristics of each schedule of reinforcement?

  • Fixed Ratio (FR): Fixed number of behaviors
  • Variable Ratio (VR): Random number of behaviors
  • Fixed Interval (FI): Fixed time interval
  • Variable Interval (VI): Random time intervals
• What are the two types of reinforcement?

  Positive and Negative Reinforcement
• What is Positive Punishment?

  It adds an unpleasant consequence after a behavior
• What is the definition of positive reinforcement?

  Adds a desirable reward after the behavior
• What happens to a learned behavior when reinforcement stops?

  The behavior decreases and eventually disappears.
• What is the effect of punishment on behavior?

  It discourages repetition of the behavior
• What does positive punishment do in the context of being late to class?

  It discourages future lateness through detention
• What is reinforcement in operant conditioning?

  Encourages repetition of a behavior
• What are the two types of punishment in Operant Conditioning?

  Positive and Negative Punishment
• How do Positive and Negative Punishment differ in their methods?

  Positive punishment introduces discomfort, negative removes benefits
• What is a Variable Interval (VI) schedule?

  Reward after random time intervals
• What is the definition of negative reinforcement?

  Removes an unpleasant stimulus after the behavior
• What is a Variable Ratio (VR) schedule?

  Reward after a random number of behaviors
• What are the limitations of operant conditioning?

  • Oversimplifies behavior
  • Ethical concerns with punishment
  • Ignores cognitive and emotional factors
• What is the overall effect of both types of reinforcement on behavior?

  • Both types increase the likelihood of repeating the behavior.
  • They achieve this through different mechanisms.
• How does positive reinforcement work in operant conditioning?

  Rewards encourage repetition of behavior