5.4.3 Evolution and Behaviour

• What is the definition of natural selection?

  Process where advantageous traits enhance survival
• How do advantageous traits affect future generations?

  They become more common over time
• Why do birds with brighter green feathers have a survival advantage in a green forest?

  They are harder to spot by predators
• What is the first principle of natural selection?

  Inheritance of traits
• How are characteristics passed down in natural selection?

  Through genes from parents to offspring
• What is the second principle of natural selection?

  Variation among individuals
• What is the third principle of natural selection?

  Adaptation to environment
• Why is adaptation to the environment important?

  It helps individuals survive in their surroundings
• What does variation among individuals mean?

  Each person has slightly different traits
• What does "survival of the fittest" imply?

  Individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce
• How does higher cold tolerance affect survival in colder climates?

  It increases chances of survival and reproduction
• What is the fourth principle of natural selection?

  Survival of the fittest
• What is the main focus of Darwin's theory of evolution?

  Understanding how life changes over time
• What does genetic variation refer to in evolution?

  Differences in genes among individuals
• What is the relationship between advantageous traits and gene passing?

  Advantageous traits are passed on to offspring
• How do finches with suitable beaks demonstrate natural selection?

  They are more successful in food acquisition
• What are the three key ideas of Darwin's theory of evolution?

  • Natural selection
  • Genetic variation
  • Common ancestry
• What does evolution change besides physical traits?

  It shapes how we behave
• Why are genes responsible for certain behaviours selected over generations?

  They increase our chances of survival
• Why are behaviours that help us survive more likely to be passed down?

  They are favored by natural selection
• What are the four key principles of natural selection?

  • Inheritance of traits
  • Variation among individuals
  • Adaptation to environment
  • Survival of the fittest
• What is the relationship between nature and nurture in shaping behaviour?

  • Nature: Genetic basis for behaviour
  • Nurture: Environmental influences on behaviour
  • Balance between both shapes actions
• What is the summary of how evolution shapes behaviour?

  It favors traits that boost survival and reproduction
• What does common ancestry imply in Darwin's theory?

  All life forms share a common ancestor
• How does the environment influence behaviour?

  It modifies how behaviours manifest
• What is the summary of Darwin's theory of evolution?

  • Genetic traits change over time
  • Natural selection leads to better adaptation
  • Species share a common ancestry
• How did Darwin illustrate his theory using finches?

  Studied beak adaptations for food sources
• What influences how behaviours are expressed?

  The environment modifies their expression
• What is passed through genes according to evolution?

  Traits that boost survival and reproduction
• What are evolved behaviours shaped by?

  Natural selection
• How do evolved behaviours help organisms?

  They help organisms survive and reproduce
• What is natural selection in Darwin's theory?

  Survival of individuals with advantageous traits
• How are evolved behaviours passed down through generations?

  • They are passed down genetically
  • Enhance survival opportunities
  • Increase reproductive opportunities
• How do we inherit behavioural tendencies?

  From our parents through genes
• What determines our phenotype?

  Interaction between genes and environment
• How do genes and environment interact in Labrador Retrievers?

  • Genes make them good swimmers
  • Training (environment) determines their skill level
• What is the combined effect of genes and environment?

  It leads to diversity in human behavior
• Why do birds perform courtship rituals?

  To attract mates and ensure successful reproduction
• What does heredity refer to in the context of behavior?

  Passing traits from parents to offspring
• How do genes influence behavior?

  They guide physical development and behavioral tendencies