Pupil Subcultures

• What term describes students who conform to academic rules?

  Pro School
• What do the 'lads' in Willis's study call conformists?

  'Rear pies'
• Who studied male subcultures in 1994?

  Mac an Ghaill
• What did Academic Achievers in Mac an Ghaill's study do?

  Worked hard and maintained motivation
• What did Sewen's 1985 study focus on?

  Black pupils subcultures
• What did some Black pupils seek to avoid according to Sewen?

  Racial stereotypes
• What is the term for students who reject academic norms?

  Anti-School
• What does the anti-school subculture provide?

  An alternate sense of identity
• What did Willis's 1997 study reveal about the "lads"?

  They formed an anti-school subculture
• What pattern did Willis find among Black Caribbean students?

  Similar anti-school subculture patterns
• What term did Jackson use in 2006 to describe girls in anti-school subcultures?

  'Ladettes'
• What behavior do "ladettes" typically engage in?

  Anti-school subcultures
• Who studied Macho Lads in 1970?

  Mac An Ghaill
• What are pupil subcultures?

  Groups of students with shared behaviors
• What characterizes pro-school subcultures?

  Conformity to academic norms and values
• What is the aim of Macho Lads according to Mac An Ghaill?

  To achieve status and identity
• Who studied the 'lads' in pupil subcultures?

  Willis (1977)
• What are the pro-school responses identified?

  1. Ingratiation
  2. Compliance
  3. Ritualism
  4. Retreatism
  5. Colonisation
  6. Intransigence
  7. Rebellion
• What are the impacts of anti-school subcultures?

  1. Rejection of education
  2. Reinforces working-class certitudes
  3. Excursions and disciplinary actions
• What does Woods suggest about pupil responses to school?

  Responses can change over time
• What is a criticism of the deterministic view of anti-school subcultures?

  It assumes all students reject education
• What did Mac an Ghaill (1994) find about male subcultures?

  Academic achievers worked hard and motivated
• What do Cicourel and Kitsuse (1963) suggest about counselors?

  Counselors impact college program performance
• What did Sewell (1985) find about black pupils?

  Emerging conformists avoiding racial stereotypes
• What did Booker (1977) describe as psychological prisons?

  Traditional teaching methods reinforce inequalities
• What is the anti-school subculture?

  Students rejecting academic norms for identity
• What did Willis (1991) study about anti-school subcultures?

  The 'lovers' and their rejection of school
• What does Archer (2010) say about "Nave identities"?

  Branded clothing serves as status symbols
• What did Jackson (2006) find about girls in schools?

  Many girls engage in anti-school subcultures
• What are the criticisms of the impacts of setting and streaming?

  1. Reinforces social inequalities
  2. Limits student potential
  3. Creates psychological barriers
• What term did Mac an Ghaill (1970) use for Caribbean boys?

  Macho lads
• What did the macho lads aim to achieve?

  Success denied by school through peer support
• What are the types of pro-school behaviors identified?

  1. Ingratiation
  2. Compliance
  3. Ritualism
  4. Retreatism
  5. Colonization
  6. Intransigence
  7. Rebellion
• What are the evaluations of anti-school subcultures?

  1. They necessitate reconsideration of education
  2. Most students conform to some degree
  3. Ignores internal factors like labeling
• What did Cicourel & Kitsuse (1963) find about streaming?

  It impacts college program placements
• What did Booler (1977) find about traditional teaching methods?

  They reinforce social inequalities
• What did Annen (2010) discuss regarding "nave tentivities"?

  Closing of stars and symbolic capital
• What does Woods (1970) suggest about pupil responses?

  • Responses can vary from rebellion to ingratiation
  • Changes based on subject options
• What are the impacts of anti-school subcultures?

  1. Rejection of education
  2. Reinforcement of working-class certainties
  3. Excursions and disciplinary actions