6.1.2.2.2 Parasympathetic Nervous System

• What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System a part of?

  Autonomic Nervous System
• How do the different regions of the nervous system shown in the image work together to coordinate the body's functions?

  The regions are interconnected and work together to control and regulate various bodily processes
• What are the different regions of the nervous system shown in the image?

  • Cranial
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
• What is the function of the vagus nerve shown in the image?

  The vagus nerve connects the brain to various organs in the body, including the heart, lungs, and digestive system, and plays a role in regulating their functions.
• If a patient had an injury to their thoracic region of the spinal cord, which functions of the body would likely be affected?

  Functions related to the chest and upper abdomen
• How do the different regions of the nervous system (cranial, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) shown in the image relate to the organization and function of the nervous system?

  The different regions of the nervous system shown correspond to the anatomical divisions of the spinal cord and the nerves that branch out from each region to innervate specific parts of the body
• What are the cranial nerves shown in the image?

  The image shows the cranial nerves, which are nerves that originate directly from the brain.
• How can the pelvic splanchnic nerves shown in the image be used to understand the autonomic control of the pelvic organs?

  The pelvic splanchnic nerves control the autonomic functions of the pelvic organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs.
• What are the two systems that regulate the body?

  Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
• What are the different regions of the nervous system shown in the image?

  • Cranial
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
• How do the functions of the Parasympathetic Nervous System contribute to survival?

  By maintaining a stable internal environment
• How do the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems differ?

  The sympathetic system controls the fight-or-flight response, while the parasympathetic system controls the rest-and-digest response
• How does the Parasympathetic Nervous System affect heart rate?

  It slows down your heart rate
• What do the sacral nerves form in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

  • Form the pelvic splanchnic nerves
  • Control lower digestive system
  • Manage bladder and reproductive organs
• How do the cranial nerves shown in the image connect to the brain?

  The cranial nerves originate directly from the brain and innervate various structures in the head and neck region.
• What is the primary function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

  Relaxation and energy conservation
• What systems do the pelvic splanchnic nerves control?

  Lower digestive system, bladder, reproductive organs
• What role does the Parasympathetic Nervous System play in digestion?

  It stimulates digestion
• Why are the controls of the Parasympathetic Nervous System important?

  They ensure internal stability and balance
• What is the relationship between the different regions of the nervous system shown in the image?

  The nervous system is divided into different regions (cranial, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) that are interconnected and work together to control and coordinate the body's functions.
• What effect does the Parasympathetic Nervous System have on breathing rate?

  It lowers your breathing rate
• How does the Parasympathetic Nervous System function in relation to the Sympathetic Nervous System?

  It works in opposition to the Sympathetic Nervous System
• What is the main function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

  It is the body's "rest and digest" mode
• What is the main function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

  The rest and digest response
• What response is associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

  Fight or flight response
• Which cranial nerve is the longest and most significant pathway in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

  The vagus nerve
• What are the functions of the cranial nerves in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

  • Controls eye muscles
  • Regulates saliva production
  • Manages facial expressions
• How does the Parasympathetic Nervous System help maintain homeostasis?

  Through autonomic functions
• How do the cranial nerves shown in the image differ in function from the spinal nerves (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral)?

  Cranial nerves originate directly from the brain and innervate the head and neck region, while spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord to innervate the rest of the body
• How does the sympathetic nervous system affect heart rate?

  It increases heart rate
• How does the Parasympathetic Nervous System differ from the Sympathetic Nervous System?

  It brings you back to a relaxed state after stress
• What does the parasympathetic nervous system promote?

  Relaxation and digestion
• What are the three main nerve pathways of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

  Cranial, thoracic, and sacral nerves
• What body systems does the Parasympathetic Nervous System regulate?

  • Heart rate and breathing
  • Digestive processes
  • Urinary and bowel movements
  • Pupil constriction
  • Saliva production
  • Sexual arousal
• What is the main function of the sympathetic nervous system?

  The fight or flight response
• What does pupil constriction indicate in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

  Activation of the Parasympathetic response
• What do the thoracic nerves connect to in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

  Heart and lungs
• What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

  To activate the fight or flight response
• If a patient had an injury to the thoracic region of the spinal cord, which organs or body parts would likely be affected?

  The thoracic region of the spinal cord innervates the chest and abdominal organs, so an injury here could affect functions like breathing, heart rate, and digestion
• What are the main features of the Parasympathetic Nervous System compared to the Sympathetic Nervous System?

  • Main Function:
  • Parasympathetic: Relaxation and energy conservation
  • Sympathetic: Activation for fight-or-flight
  • Heart Rate:
  • Parasympathetic: Slows down
  • Sympathetic: Speeds up
  • Breathing:
  • Parasympathetic: Deep and regular
  • Sympathetic: Rapid and shallow
  • Digestion:
  • Parasympathetic: Stimulates
  • Sympathetic: Inhibits