6.2.1.2 Hormone Functions

• What is the name of the gland located above the pituitary gland?

  Hypothalamus
• What are the key endocrine glands located in the neck?

  • Thyroid gland
  • Thymus gland
• What are the main endocrine glands in the human body and their functions?

  • Pineal gland: Regulates sleep-wake cycles
  • Hypothalamus: Coordinates the endocrine system
  • Pituitary gland: Secretes hormones that regulate other glands
  • Thyroid gland: Regulates metabolism
  • Thymus: Produces T cells for the immune system
  • Pancreas: Produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar
  • Adrenal glands: Produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline
  • Testes (male) / Ovaries (female): Produce sex hormones
• What are the key endocrine glands in the brain?

  • Pineal gland
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary gland
• Which endocrine glands are found in the abdomen?

  • Pancreas
  • Adrenal glands
  • Kidneys
• How do endocrine glands function in the body?

  They release hormones targeting specific cells
• What do the gonads produce?

  Different hormones with specific effects
• What is the "fight or flight" response?

  A physiological reaction to perceived danger
• Where is adrenaline released from?

  Adrenal glands
• What are the main functions of the parathyroid glands?

  • Produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)
  • Regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body
  • Involved in bone metabolism
• What is the name of the gland that produces insulin?

  Pancreas
• What are growth hormones (GH)?

  Chemical messengers secreted by the pituitary gland
• What is the name of the gland that produces parathyroid hormone?

  Parathyroid glands
• What is the role of growth hormones in cell growth?

  They stimulate cell division and increase cell size
• What is the function of somatostatin in relation to growth hormones?

  It inhibits growth hormone release
• What are the key functions of growth hormones summarized?

  • Stimulates cell division and increases cell size
  • Encourages protein synthesis for tissue repair and muscle growth
  • Supports bone formation and strengthening
• What is the name of the gland located at the base of the brain?

  Pituitary gland
• What are the main effects of testosterone?

  Muscle growth, facial hair, sperm production
• What are the names of the male and female reproductive organs shown in the image?

  Testes (male), Ovaries (female)
• How do hormones travel in the body?

  They travel through the bloodstream
• How does adrenaline affect the body during stress?

  It boosts heart rate, blood pressure, and energy
• What is the function of growth hormones in bone development?

  They support bone formation and strengthening
• What hormone supports pregnancy?

  Progesterone
• What hormone is produced by the ovaries?

  Estrogen
• How do sexual hormones control sexual development and reproduction?

  • Work in cycles
  • Regulate sexual characteristics
  • Maintain reproductive system functions
• What do hormones regulate in the body?

  Metabolism, growth, and reproduction
• What is the role of cortisol in the body?

  It manages blood sugar and reduces inflammation
• What is the relationship between endocrine glands and hormones?

  Glands produce hormones that affect target cells
• How are the endocrine glands interconnected and regulated?

  • Hypothalamus coordinates the endocrine system
  • Pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate other glands
  • Feedback loops between glands and target tissues maintain homeostasis
• What are the reproductive endocrine glands?

  • Testes
  • Ovaries
• What are hormones?

  Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands
• How are growth hormone levels regulated?

  By the hypothalamus through GHRH and somatostatin
• How do cortisol and adrenaline work together during stress?

  They help manage energy and prepare for reactions
• What hormone is produced by the testes?

  Testosterone
• What are the functions and benefits of cortisol and adrenaline?

  • Cortisol:
  • Function: Manages blood sugar, reduces inflammation
  • Benefit: Provides energy and support
  • Adrenaline:
  • Function: Increases heart rate, blood pressure, energy levels
  • Benefit: Prepares body for quick reactions
• What is the role of target organs in relation to hormones?

  They respond to hormones to regulate functions
• What is the name of the gland that produces thyroid hormones?

  Thyroid gland
• What are the main effects of progesterone?

  Pregnancy support, uterine lining maintenance
• Which gland secretes growth hormones?

  The pituitary gland
• What are sexual hormones essential for?

  Developing sexual characteristics and maintaining reproduction