6.3.2.1 Cell Body

• What are the main parts of a neuron?

  • Cell body (soma)
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
  • Axon hillock
  • Myelin sheath
  • Node of Ranvier
  • Synaptic end bulbs
  • Axon terminal
• If the myelin sheath is damaged, how would this affect signal transmission in the neuron?

  Signal transmission would be slower and less efficient
• What is the function of the synaptic end bulbs at the end of the axon?

  They release neurotransmitters to transmit signals to other neurons
• What does cell maintenance in the cell body ensure?

  Cell health and internal process management
• What extends outward from the cell body of a neuron?

  Dendrites
• What is the name of the structure labeled "Golgi"?


  Golgi
• What are the main components of a neuron structure?

  • Cell body
  • Dendrites
  • Axon hillock
  • Main axon
• Why are the functions of the cell body important for neurons?

  They ensure neurons stay alive and transmit information
• How does the structure of the node of Ranvier contribute to the speed of signal transmission in a neuron?

  The nodes of Ranvier allow for saltatory conduction, increasing the speed of electrical impulse transmission
• What is the function of the nucleus?

  Controls cell activities
• How do mitochondria contribute to cell function?

  By producing ATP for energy
• What is signal integration in the context of the soma?

  Combining incoming signals from dendrites
• How does the oligodendrocyte contribute to the structure and function of a neuron?

  Oligodendrocytes produce the myelin sheath that insulates the axon, allowing for faster and more efficient signal transmission.
• How do organelles work together in the cell body?

  • Maintain cell health
  • Produce molecules for neuronal communication
• What is the name of the cell body in a neuron?

  Soma
• Where is the cell body located in a neuron?

  In the central position
• What is the name of the long projection that extends from the neuron cell body?

  Axon
• What are the implications of the cell body functions on neuron health?

  • Ensures proper communication
  • Maintains overall neuron vitality
  • Supports signal processing efficiency
• How does the structure of a neuron allow for efficient signal transmission?

  • Dendrites receive signals from other neurons
  • The axon transmits electrical impulses to other neurons
  • The myelin sheath insulates the axon, increasing transmission speed
  • Nodes of Ranvier allow for saltatory conduction, further increasing speed
• What does the cell body synthesize for neuron function?

  Proteins and neurotransmitters
• What do ribosomes do?

  Produce proteins
• How does the cell body contribute to signal processing?

  It integrates signals from dendrites
• What leads to the main axon in a neuron?

  Axon hillock
• What is the main part of a neuron called?

  Soma
• How does the structure of a neuron allow for efficient signal transmission?

  • Dendrites receive signals from other neurons
  • The axon transmits electrical impulses to other neurons
  • The myelin sheath insulates the axon, increasing transmission speed
  • Nodes of Ranvier allow for saltatory conduction, further increasing speed
• What are the main functions of the cell body?

  1. Protein and neurotransmitter synthesis
  2. Signal integration
  3. Cell maintenance
• What is the function of the soma in a neuron?

  • Main part of the neuron
  • Receives signals from dendrites
  • Converges signals before transmission down the axon
• What is the name of the structure that connects the cell body to the axon?

  Axon hillock
• What is the name of the structure labeled "Chloroplast"?

  Chloroplast
• What is the name of the structure labeled "Cytoplasmic membrane"?

  Cytoplasmic membrane
• How does the structure of the node of Ranvier contribute to the speed of signal transmission in a neuron?

  The nodes of Ranvier allow for saltatory conduction, increasing the speed of electrical impulse transmission
• What is the role of the soma in neurons?

  Central processing unit for incoming signals
• What extends from the membrane of the soma?

  Dendrites
• How does the soma contribute to signal transmission in a neuron?

  It converges signals from dendrites before transmission
• How do the structural differences between the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells facilitate synaptic transmission?

  • Presynaptic cell has synaptic vesicles to store and release neurotransmitters
  • Postsynaptic cell has receptors to bind the released neurotransmitters
  • This allows the signal to be transmitted from the presynaptic to postsynaptic cell
  • The structural differences enable the unidirectional flow of information across the synapse
• What is the name of the structure labeled "Nuclear membrane"?

  Nuclear membrane
• What does the nucleus contain?

  DNA
• Why is the endoplasmic reticulum important for neurons?

  It synthesizes and transports proteins
• What is the name of the structure labeled "Endoplasmic reticulum"?

  Endoplasmic reticulum
• What does the soma contain that is essential for its function?

  Nucleus and essential organelles