EAPP

• Process thinking focuses on the dynamics of living systems and how they strive towards progressive and transformative change.
• At the end of the lesson, you will have been able to conduct a survey about one of the following topics with an equal number of male and female respondents.
• The responses of your classmates can be tallied using a given table.
• The data can be presented in graphical form such as a line graph, bar graph, pie graph, table, or chart.
• A separate sheet of paper can be used for your output.
• After completing Let's Warm Up, tick the column that best describes how frequent you practice each of the following statements.
• Preparing research instruments involves following steps: choosing the type of instrument to use based on the data you want to gather, aligning the content of your survey forms, questionnaires, or other instruments to your research questions, observing ethics in preparing and implementing your research instruments, and pilot testing the survey forms, questionnaires, or other instruments before gathering data.
• It is important to ensure that your participants are aware of the purposes and goals of your research.
• Implementing your instruments according to the guidelines is crucial to getting valid and reliable data.
• Acknowledging and thanking the participants who take part in your implementation is a sign of respect and appreciation.
• Experiment provides control of situation establishes cause and effect can be replicated yields quantitative data that can be statistically analyzed may result in an artificial situation prone to experimenter's effects.
• The Intelligence Consent Form (ICF) must be filled out by the participants before the experiment.
• Subjects know they are being observed during a covert observation.
• A research instrument is used to analyze data.
• Leading questions must be asked because they guide the participants into giving a specific answer for the research.
• All research instruments have advantages and disadvantages.
• Open-ended questions aim to get specific information such as the age and address of the participant.
• One of the advantages of using a questionnaire is that it has the lowest response rate.
• Interview does not require participants to read and write lengthily, if at all, can address complex questions time-consuming expensive difficult to analyze data does not provide data for a more stable conclusion.
• Preparing and implementing research instruments requires time and effort.
• When conducting an experiment, ensure the confidentiality of participants.
• The warm-up stage is when interviewees are asked to take basic physical exercises to prepare them for the interview.
• Observation provides direct access to a phenomenon applicable to a wide range of contexts complements other instruments does not provide control for situation may be biased does not provide data for a more stable conclusion time-consuming may influence data because of observer's effects.
• Flexible in terms of administration (online or offline) may generate more consistent responses easy to analyze data can involve a high number of participants has the lowest response rate requires participants to read and write does not generally provide opportunity for respondents to clarify questions/items.
• An experiment cannot be replicated.
• Developing the hypothesis, designing the experiment, conducting the experiment, and analyzing the results are crucial steps in an experiment.
• Always bring paper and pen with you to record other details which cannot be recorded by a video or audio recorder.
• An observation can only be done in a laboratory setting according to some observers.
• Use a recording device when appropriate.
• Always observe ethics when implementing an observation instrument.
• Decide on the type of observation that you will use.
• Never attempt to influence the behavior of your subjects.
• Fear of wasting time can lead to refusal to let participants use the bathroom during an observation.
• Conducting an experiment involves coordinating with a laboratory technician or supervisor, maintaining a relaxed and professional atmosphere, cleaning the experiment venue as you leave, not coercing any participants, ensuring the safety of everyone involved at all times, ensuring the anonymity of participants, and ensuring the confidentiality of all gathered data.
• Preparing and implementing research instruments should not be done unaware that they are being observed.
• Lynn chatted about the latest trends with her participants while the experiment was ongoing.
• Ernesto conducted his experiment twice to ensure the reliability of the results.
• Conducting a participant observation for research on alcoholics' lifestyles involves becoming an alcoholic.
• Ron does not clean the laboratory after his experiment because he assumes the janitor will do it.
• Know your limitations as an observer.