7.1.1.2 Null Hypothesis

• What is the purpose of the null hypothesis in scientific research?

  It serves as a baseline for comparison
• How does the null hypothesis relate to the study method's effectiveness?

  It posits that the method does not improve outcomes
• What does a null hypothesis state?

  No effect or no relationship
• What does the null hypothesis imply about the testing?

  It suggests the test won't make a difference
• What are the two types of hypotheses in scientific research?

  Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis
• What does the independent variable (IV) represent in a null hypothesis?

  It is the variable you change
• How do independent and dependent variables relate in a null hypothesis?

  The independent variable does not influence the dependent variable
• What does the dependent variable (DV) represent in a null hypothesis?

  It is the variable you measure
• What does the statement "drinking coffee won't improve or worsen test performance" imply about the null hypothesis?

  It suggests no effect of the IV on the DV
• Why is the Null Hypothesis important for ensuring rigor in experimental design?

  It sets a baseline to compare results
• How can researchers use the Null Hypothesis in their experiments?

  To test if observed effects are significant
• What is a null hypothesis?

  A statement that there is no effect
• What does a null hypothesis state about the relationship between the IV and DV?

  Changing the IV won't affect the DV
• What does the null hypothesis state about the independent variable?

  It does not influence the dependent variable
• If testing a new study method, what would the null hypothesis be?

  The new method has no effect on scores
• In testing a new revision method, what does the Null Hypothesis claim about exam scores?

  The method has no impact on scores
• What does the prediction of the Null Hypothesis entail?

  No change from existing conditions
• What are the key roles of the null hypothesis in research?

  • Serves as a baseline for comparison
  • Provides a clear prediction to reject
  • Simplifies statistical analysis
  • Helps determine if an experiment had impact
• What does the Alternative Hypothesis suggest?

  There is an effect or relationship between variables
• What are the two main components of a null hypothesis?

  Independent variable and dependent variable
• What is the goal of the Alternative Hypothesis?

  To be supported
• What is the goal of the Null Hypothesis?

  To be rejected
• How is the Null Hypothesis similar to a control group in experiments?

  • Represents expected outcome without intervention
  • Helps compare new methods to standard approaches
  • Ensures clarity in measuring effects
• What does the prediction of the Alternative Hypothesis entail?

  Change from existing conditions
• How does the Null Hypothesis facilitate statistical analysis?

  It allows for testing observed differences' significance
• How does a well-defined Null Hypothesis support replicability in experiments?

  It allows others to reproduce and verify findings
• In what way does the Null Hypothesis promote objectivity in research?

  It assumes no effect until proven otherwise
• What are the key differences between the Null and Alternative Hypotheses?

  • Purpose:
  • Null: Assumes no effect
  • Alternative: Proposes an effect
  • Prediction:
  • Null: No change
  • Alternative: Change expected
  • Goal:
  • Null: To be rejected
  • Alternative: To be supported
  • Example:
  • Null: No effect on exam scores
  • Alternative: Improves exam scores
• What role does the Null Hypothesis play in distinguishing random fluctuations from actual findings?

  It provides a baseline for comparison
• How does the null hypothesis simplify statistical analysis?

  It provides a clear prediction to reject
• Why is the null hypothesis important for determining experimental impact?

  Without it, assessing actual impact is challenging