Inheritance

• What is the structure of DNA?

  Large polymer, two strands, double helix
• What are the four bases of DNA?

  A, T, C, and G
• What are chromosomes made of?

  Long strands of DNA containing genes
• Where are chromosomes found in a cell?

  In the nucleus
• What is a gene?

  Small section of DNA coding for a protein
• What are alleles?

  Different versions of a gene
• What is a genotype?

  The alleles a person has for a gene
• What is a phenotype?

  The observable characteristic expressed
• What is a dominant allele?

  Only one copy needed to express characteristic
• How is a recessive allele represented?

  By a lowercase letter
• What does homozygous mean?

  Two copies of the same allele
• What does heterozygous mean?

  Two different alleles
• What is a genome?

  Entire genetic material of an organism
• What is discontinuous variation?

  Limited number of possible values
• What is continuous variation?

  Characteristic changes gradually over a range
• What is a mutation?

  A random change in a gene or chromosome
• What is a clone?

  An organism genetically identical to its parent
• What are the types of reproduction?

  • Asexual reproduction: Requires one parent, makes clones
  • Sexual reproduction: Requires two parents, results in variation
• What is meiosis?

  Type of cell division producing gametes
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

  Advantages:

  • Offspring well adapted if parent is
  • Only one parent needed
  • Faster production of offspring

  
  

  Disadvantages:

  • Adverse changes can destroy species
  • Requires only one parent
  • Slower production of offspring
• What can cause mutations?

  Spontaneous changes or substances like UV radiation
• What do Punnett squares show?

  • Possible results of fertilization
  • Predicts offspring genotypes and phenotypes
• What causes genetic variation?

  Genetic material inherited from parents
• What causes environmental variation?

  Environment in which you live