Pathogens

• What is meant by a pathogen?

  Microorganisms that cause infectious disease
• How do bacteria cause illness?

  They reproduce rapidly and release toxins
• How do viruses cause illness?

  They reproduce inside host cells, damaging them
• How often can bacteria divide under ideal conditions?

  Every 20 minutes
• How are pathogens spread through the air?

  In water droplets, like influenza
• How can cholera be spread?

  By drinking water polluted by sewage
• How can HIV be spread?

  By sharing infected needles or sexual contact
• What are the three main ways pathogens are spread?

  • Through the air (e.g., influenza)
  • Through contaminated water (e.g., cholera)
  • Through direct contact (e.g., HIV)
• What is one way to reduce the spread of pathogens?

  Practicing basic hygiene, like handwashing
• How does chlorine in drinking water help prevent disease?

  It kills microorganisms in the water
• How can direct contact be reduced to prevent HIV spread?

  By using condoms during sexual intercourse
• What is one method of isolating patients to prevent disease spread?

  Isolating patients with highly infectious diseases
• How can vaccination help in reducing the spread of pathogens?

  It prepares the immune system to fight diseases
• What are the methods to reduce the spread of pathogens?

  • Practicing basic hygiene
  • Providing clean drinking water
  • Reducing direct contact (e.g., using condoms)
  • Isolating infected patients
  • Vaccination
• What should you be able to describe after watching the video?

  Pathogens, how they cause illness, and prevention