special population

• Dosing in special populations such as pediatric, pregnant women, geriatric patients, and patients with kidney or liver problems is done based on body weight.
• The normal dose for a patient with a body weight of 70 kg is calculated by multiplying the patient's body weight by the normal dose.
• For a patient with a body weight of 65 kg, the normal dose is 12 mg/kg, resulting in a dose of 780 mg.
• Pregnant women undergo changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics due to altered lipid solubility, molecular size and pH, placental transporters, protein binding, placental and fetal drug metabolism, maternal drug actions, and predictable toxic drug actions in the fetus.
• Creatinine Clearance is a measure of the volume of blood plasma cleared of creatinine per unit time and is a rapid and cost-effective method for measurement of renal function.
• The maturation process may take longer in premature infants, and dosing adjustment can usually be made on a mg/kg basis beyond the age of two years.
• Special care in dosing is warranted in newborns.
• In children, calculation of creatinine clearance is based on body length and serum creatinine concentration.
• Another method for calculation of creatinine clearance in children uses the nomogram by Traub and Johnson (1980).