Diabetes

    Cards (39)

    • What is diabetes?
      A condition with high blood sugar levels
    • How are blood glucose levels controlled?
      By insulin produced in the pancreas
    • What happens if the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin?
      Blood glucose levels rise, leading to diabetes
    • What are the types of diabetes?
      • Normal
      • Type 1 diabetes
      • Type 2 diabetes
    • What is the role of insulin in normal conditions?
      It allows glucose to enter body cells
    • What are the steps in Type 1 diabetes?
      1. Stomach changes food into glucose
      2. Glucose enters the bloodstream
      3. Pancreas makes little or no insulin
      4. Little or no insulin enters bloodstream
      5. Glucose builds up in bloodstream
    • What are the steps in Type 2 diabetes?
      1. Stomach converts food to glucose
      2. Glucose enters the bloodstream
      3. Pancreas produces insulin but it's ineffective
      4. Glucose unable to enter body effectively
      5. Glucose levels increase
    • How is insulin described in terms of lock and key?
      Insulin is the key to unlock cells for glucose
    • What happens in Type 1 diabetes regarding insulin?
      There is no key to unlock cells for glucose
    • What happens in Type 2 diabetes regarding insulin?
      The key is unable to open the door for glucose
    • What is the definition of Type 2 diabetes?
      A long-term metabolic disorder with high blood sugar
    • What causes Type 2 diabetes?
      A complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors
    • What percentage of diabetes cases are Type 2?
      About 90%
    • What are common symptoms of high blood glucose levels?
      • Increased thirst and frequent urination
      • Increased hunger
      • Weight loss despite eating more
      • Fatigue
      • Blurred vision
      • Slow-healing sores or infections
      • Areas of darkened skin (acanthosis nigricans)
    • What is hypoglycemia?
      Low blood glucose levels
    • Who is most likely to experience hypoglycemia?
      People using insulin for diabetes management
    • What are risk factors for Type 2 diabetes?
      • Age (over 40 for whites, over 25 for others)
      • Family history of diabetes
      • High blood pressure
      • Overweight, especially around the middle
      • Ethnicity (higher risk in South Asian and African-Caribbean descent)
    • What waist measurement indicates higher risk in women?
      More than 80cm/31.5 inches
    • What waist measurement indicates higher risk in men?
      More than 94cm/37 inches
    • What waist measurement indicates higher risk in South Asian men?
      More than 90cm/35 inches
    • How does obesity affect insulin resistance?
      • More fatty tissue increases insulin resistance
      • Not all overweight individuals develop Type 2 diabetes
      • Fat stored in the abdomen increases risk more than other areas
    • How does diet influence Type 2 diabetes risk?
      • Sugar does not cause Type 1 diabetes
      • Type 2 diabetes risk increases with overweight
      • High-calorie sugary foods contribute to weight gain
    • How does fat intake affect diabetes risk?
      Too much fat can lead to weight gain
    • What is the role of soluble fiber in diabetes management?
      It helps reduce blood glucose levels
    • What dietary advice is recommended for individuals with Type 2 diabetes?
      • Eat regular meals based on starchy carbohydrates
      • Increase fruit and vegetable intake
      • Choose high-fiber, whole grain foods
      • Reduce saturated fat intake
      • Moderate protein intake
      • Limit sugar and alcohol consumption
    • What is the glycemic index (GI)?

      A scale indicating how foods affect blood glucose
    • What is the effect of high GI foods on blood glucose levels?
      They raise blood glucose levels quickly
    • What is the effect of low GI foods on blood glucose levels?
      They raise blood glucose levels gradually
    • What factors affect the glycemic index of foods?
      • Cooking methods (frying, boiling, baking)
      • Processing and ripeness of fruits/vegetables
      • Wholegrain and high-fiber foods slow absorption
      • Fat and protein lower the GI
    • What are the effects of eating high GI foods?
      • Quick energy followed by an energy lull
      • Increases hunger leading to overeating
      • Fluctuates blood glucose levels
    • What is considered a low GI food?
      55 or less
    • What is considered a medium GI food?
      56 to 59
    • What is considered a high GI food?
      70 and above
    • What is the role of NSP in diabetes management?
      • Prolongs glucose rise in blood
      • Increases satiety and aids weight maintenance
      • Lowers risk of developing non-insulin dependent diabetes
    • What is the role of NMEs in diabetes management?
      • Rapid digestion leads to quick glucose rise
      • Restriction of sugar intake is important
      • Linked with overweight and diabetes risk
    • What is the role of starchy foods in diabetes management?
      • Lower energy density and higher satiety
      • Recommended increase in consumption
      • Slow-acting starches reduce blood glucose fluctuations
    • What is the effect of complex carbohydrates on diabetes?
      • Improve glycemic control
      • Increase insulin sensitivity
      • Reduce fat proportion in diet
    • What dietary recommendations help manage diabetes?
      • Regular meals with starchy carbohydrates
      • High fiber, whole grain foods
      • Reduce saturated fats and sugar intake
      • Moderate protein and alcohol consumption
    • What is the importance of managing salt intake in diabetics?
      • Reduces hypertension risk
      • Important for overall health management
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