7.1.3.4 Evaluation of Experimental Designs

• What is the purpose of evaluating experimental designs?

  To check if the design gives correct answers
• What problems can arise from a poor experimental design?

  Bias and confusing results can occur
• How can scientists ensure their experiment design is good?

  By evaluating it for potential biases
• Why is it important to evaluate the experimental design?

  To avoid problems like bias or confusing results
• What is the purpose of evaluating experimental designs?

  To check whether the design will give the right answers
• What does reliability mean in the context of experimental design?

  Produces consistent results when repeated
• Why is eliminating extraneous variables important?

  To prevent confounding factors from influencing results
• What does generalizability assess in experimental designs?

  How well findings apply to broader populations
• How does independent measures design reduce demand characteristics?

  Participants are exposed to only one condition
• What are the strengths of independent measures design?

  • No order effects
  • Less demand characteristics
• How does independent measures design prevent participants from getting tired or learning from conditions?

  By ensuring no participant experiences both conditions
• What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

  The variable that is measured or observed to see the effect
• Why does matched pairs design avoid order effects?

  Participants only experience one condition
• What are the two key reasons for evaluating an experimental design?

  Avoiding bias and confusing results
• What key characteristics might participants be matched on in a matched pairs design?

  Age, gender, or IQ
• How does matched pairs design reduce demand characteristics?

  Participants see only one condition
• What is the purpose of replication in an experiment?

  Repeating the experiment multiple times to increase reliability
• How does the time requirement of matched pairs design compare to other designs?

  It is more time-consuming
• How does the number of participants in independent measures design compare to repeated measures?

  Independent measures require more participants
• What is the purpose of randomization in an experiment?

  Randomly assigning participants to control and treatment groups
• What is the purpose of matching participants in a matched pairs design?

  To ensure groups are similar to each other
• What are the weaknesses of independent measures design?

  • Individual differences complicate group comparisons
  • Requires more participants than repeated measures
• What is the independent variable in an experiment?

  The variable the researcher manipulates to see its effect
• What does "evaluating" mean in the context of experimental design?

  Checking whether the design will give the right answers
• What is the first key criterion for evaluating experimental designs?

  Validity
• What is a downside of individual differences in independent measures design?

  They can complicate group comparisons
• What does validity ensure in an experimental design?

  It measures what it's supposed to measure
• What is the purpose of the control group in an experiment?

  For comparison to the treatment group
• What are the key criteria for evaluating experimental designs?

  • Validity
  • Internal validity
  • External validity
  • Reliability
  • Eliminating extraneous variables
  • Generalizability
  • Ethical considerations
• What are demand characteristics in a study?

  Clues that lead participants to guess the study's purpose
• What impact does the time-consuming nature of matched pairs design have on studies?

  Increases time and effort needed
• Why is a larger sample needed in independent measures design?

  Each participant only experiences one condition
• What do ethical considerations ensure in an experiment?

  Adherence to moral principles and participant protection
• Why are there no order effects in independent measures design?

  Each group only does one condition
• What is the main benefit of the Repeated design?

  Controls for individual variation
• What is the main weakness of the Independent design?

  Individual differences
• What is the main weakness of the Repeated design?

  Order effects
• How does the exclusion of a matched pair affect the study?

  Impacts sample size and statistical power
• What is the objective of the study on exercise and mood?

  See how exercise impacts mood over time
• How do the three experimental designs differ in terms of participant usage?

  Independent uses different participants; Repeated uses same; Matched Pairs uses matched participants