7.1.4.1 Laboratory Experiments

• What are the key components of laboratory experiments?

  • Controlled environment
  • Manipulation of independent variables
  • Measurement of dependent variables
  • Constant conditions for reliability
• What is one strength of laboratory experiments?

  Control over variables
• What do researchers do with the independent variable in laboratory experiments?

  Manipulate the independent variable
• What is the purpose of using artificial settings in laboratory experiments?

  To minimize distractions and maintain consistent conditions
• What is the impact of manipulating the independent variable?

  To observe its effect on the dependent variable
• What are the key characteristics of laboratory experiments?

  • Control over variables
  • Artificial settings
  • Manipulation of variables
  • Replication
• Why is control important in laboratory experiments?

  It ensures only the independent variable affects results
• What is the main goal of experimental psychology?

  Experimental psychology aims to gather empirical evidence and explore cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
• What are the research methods used in experimental psychology?

  Experimental psychologists utilize various research methods, including laboratory experiments, surveys, and observations.
• What is experimental psychology?

  Experimental psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on conducting systematic and controlled experiments to study human behavior and cognition.
• What are the key research methods used in experimental psychology?

  • Laboratory experiments
  • Surveys
  • Observations
• Why must ecological validity be considered in laboratory experiments?

  It affects the generalizability of findings
• What key finding is associated with Milgram's Obedience Study?

  People obey authority even when causing harm
• What is a third classic laboratory experiment in psychology?

  Loftus and Palmer's Recall
• How do the characteristics of laboratory experiments contribute to their reliability?

  They provide clear insights into cause-and-effect relationships
• What do these classic experiments demonstrate about laboratory conditions in psychology?

  • Allow systematic investigation of human behavior
  • Provide controlled environments for experiments
  • Highlight the importance of ecological validity
• What key finding is associated with Pavlov's Dog experiment?

  Classical conditioning through stimulus association
• What are demand characteristics in laboratory experiments?

  Participants may guess the experiment's purpose and change behavior
• What are the strengths of laboratory experiments?

  • Control over variables
  • Easy replication of experiments
  • Ability to identify cause and effect relationships
• Why is control over variables important in laboratory experiments?

  To ensure changes are due to the independent variable
• What relationship can laboratory experiments effectively pinpoint?

  Cause and effect relationships
• How does high control in lab experiments benefit researchers?

  It allows for accurate identification of cause and effect
• What does replication in lab experiments refer to?

  Repeating the experiment under standardized conditions
• Why is ecological validity a concern in laboratory experiments?

  Lab settings are artificial and may not apply to real life
• What are laboratory experiments?

  Structured tests in controlled environments
• Why is replication vital in laboratory experiments?

  It checks the reliability of findings
• How does high control in laboratory experiments affect ecological validity?

  It makes it hard to relate findings to real-world scenarios
• What is the role of empirical evidence in experimental psychology?

  • Experimental psychology uses empirical evidence to explore cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
  • The use of empirical evidence was foundational to the success of Pavlov's study on learning and association in animals.
• What are the main weaknesses of laboratory experiments?

  • Ecological validity: artificial settings may not apply to real life
  • Demand characteristics: participants may alter behavior, skewing results
• What is one weakness of laboratory experiments?

  Ecological validity
• What is a key feature of laboratory experiments regarding variables?

  Control over variables
• What are some of the topics investigated in experimental psychology?

  • Perception
  • Memory
  • Learning
  • Motivation
  • Social behavior
• In what type of setting do laboratory experiments typically take place?

  Artificial settings
• What is one classic laboratory experiment in psychology?

  Pavlov's Dog
• What is another classic laboratory experiment in psychology?

  Milgram's Obedience Study
• How do demand characteristics affect the results of laboratory experiments?

  They can skew results by altering participant behavior
• What does replication in laboratory experiments allow researchers to do?

  Confirm results and ensure reliability
• What key finding is associated with Loftus and Palmer's Recall experiment?

  Leading questions affect cognitive recall accuracy
• What is the purpose of manipulating independent variables in laboratory experiments?

  To measure the effect on the dependent variable
• Why is it important to keep everything else constant in laboratory experiments?

  To isolate variables and ensure reliable results