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Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Alkanes
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Bonding in alkanes
C-H
bonds (sigma bond)
Electronegativities
of
C
and
H
are very similar so alkanes are
non
polar
Boiling point of straight chain alkanes
Boiling point increases as chain length
increases
Stronger
london forces
Requires more
energy
to break
Boiling point in branched alkanes
More branched =
lower
boiling point
Molecules cant
pack
closely together
Less
surface
area
available for
london forces
to
interact
Initiation


Molecule
→
\rightarrow
→
Radical
+
Radical
Propagation


Molecule
+
radical
→
\rightarrow
→
Molecule
+
radical
Termination


Radical
+
radical
→
\rightarrow
→
Molecule
Complete
combustion

Alkane
+
Oxygen
→
\rightarrow
→
Carbon dioxide
+
water
Incomplete
combustion

Alkane
+
Oxygen
→
\rightarrow
→
Carbon
monoxide
+
water
Reactivity of alkanes
High
bond enthalpy of
C-C
and
C-H
bonds
Low
polarity
of
C-H
bonds
This makes alkanes
unreactive
Bond angles in alkanes
109.5
(
tetrahedral
)